The Influential Mechanism Of Hukou On Academic Achievements

In China,the urban and rural dual household registration system,Hukou,are attached by various kinds of political,economic and social rights.The most closely related is the education attainment of children.Hukou affects families and individuals in all aspects,and how does it affect children's academic performance?What is the influential mechanism?Families and schools are the main places of life and learning in the process of adolescent growth.Family capital and school capital have a very important impact on adolescents' academic achievement and educational attainment.The influence of Hukou on academic performance has a direct impact,and it also has an indirect impact on academic performance by affecting family capital and school capital.The main concerns of this study are the impact of household registration,family capital and school capital on academic performance,as well as the mediation role of family capital and school capital in the impact of household registration on academic performance.This study uses 2013-2014 China Education Panel Survey(CEPS)to set the cognitive test scores of students in grade seven as dependent variables,and the birth registration type as an independent variable.Set family capital and school capital as mediation variables for testing,before that divide family capital into economic capital,cultural capital and social capital,and divide school capital into economic capital and social capital.Through the analysis of multiple regression econometric model and mediation model,the relationship between the main core variables and academic achievement and the influential mechanism of household registration on academic performance are explored.The study found that urban Hukou students have better academic performance than rural Hukou students,and students with higher family capital and school capital have better academic performance.In addition,the mediation role of school capital(except for teacher-student relationship)has been confirmed.Family economic capital,family cultural capital,family-school links and parental expectations in family social capital play an mediation role in the impact of household registration on academic achievement.All above show that the impact of Hukou on academic performance is also generated through family and school levels.Based on the research results,this paper puts forward following policy recommendations:the government should promote the realization of education equity in urban and rural areas,and narrow the gap between urban and rural education levels;schools should pay attention to the construction and management of school social capital,and students from“vulnerable families”should gain more attentions;parents should actively take the responsibility of their children's education,give play to the role of the family in the education process,and increase the emphasis on family culture capital and social capital training.