| the disease of developmental dyslexia is one main type of dyslexia disorders.It serves as a phenomenon that children with normal intelligence have no obvious neurological or organic damage in the process of development,while their reading level is obviously poorer than that of standard intelligence level or average physiological age.For school-age children,if their reading ability is poorer or defective to a certain extent,it will inevitably have a negative impact on their health development in the future,thus could hinder comprehensive development of children at all stages and in all aspects.At present,there is little research on the cognitive characteristics of Chinese developmental dyslexia of Jingpo children,living in Yunnan Province,China.This study adopted the screening questionnaire for dyslexic children compiled by Liu Jianxing from Xiamen University,which included phonological awareness,rapid naming,orthographic awareness and morpheme awareness.In this study,498 Jingpo children were selected in the second,fourth and sixth grades of primary schools.Among them,82 Jingpo children with dyslexia were identified.This study makes a parallel comparison with the reading normal cognitive characteristics of Jingpo children,and further understands the cognitive characteristics with dyslexia Jingpo children.At the same time,from the longitudinal view,has a discussion on the cognitive processing characteristics of Jingpo dyslexia children in these four aspects,and finally the grade features of cognitive processing defects among Jingpo dyslexia children and the best key period of cognitive processing capacity development are described in detail and analyzed systematically.This study draws such conclusions as: first,from the parallel view,it is found that there are significant differences in the basic cognitive processing strategies of phonological awareness,orthographic awareness,rapid naming and morpheme awareness among the Jingpo children reading disorder group and the normal reading capacity one.Compared with Jingpo children in normal reading capacity group,children in dyslexia group showed obvious defects and difficulties in all aspects of cognition.There are significant differences in the cognitive characteristics of the reading subtypes of Jingpo children with dyslexia.Meanwhile it is also shown that the cognition of Chinese reading level among those children is sluggish with the improvement of the grade.Second,from the longitudinal view,it is found that among grade two,four and six Jingpo children,in view of these basic cognitive processing strategies such as voice,rapid naming,orthographic and morpheme awareness,as their graderaises,normal reading capacity group develop well in their reading capacity gradually,while reading disorder group of children tend to appear obvious hysteresis.Orthographic awareness is an important period for the development of dyslexic Jingpo children from the fourth grade to the sixth grade.Phonological awareness,rapid naming and morpheme awareness are three critical stages of cognitive processing from the second grade to the fourth grade.For Jingpo children,the most critical period is the fourth grade in their reading development period,but more attention should be paid to the continuous reading development from the fourth grade to the sixth grade.Third,according to the comprehensive researches,orthographic consciousness and phonetic consciousness have a good predictive power for Jingpo children with dyslexia.Phonetic and morpheme consciousness defects are the main types of defects in Chinese language impairment of Jingpo children.Meanwhile,orthographic consciousness and rapid naming also have an important influence on the performance of Chinese reading impairment of Jingpo children.Jingpo children with Chinese developmental dyslexia have single,double and triple cognitive processing defects,among which single cognitive processing defect is the main type,followed by double cognitive processing defect,and triple one is less.Based on above research results,this paper puts forward some educational countermeasures and suggestions in order to improve the reading disorder of Jingpo children. |
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