The Reform And Practice Of Middle School System In The Republic Of China 1922-1932

Since the introduction of modern three-level academic system in the late Qing Dynasty,the secondary school system has been the most uncertain part of the overall academic system.The secondary education is very weak.In 1922,the implementation of the new system of middle school laid the basic model of the three-three system for Chinese modern middle schools,and made the first qualitative leap in secondary education.Through the investigation of the reform and practice process of the secondary school system from 1922 to 1932,this paper presents the overall development process,specific measures,practice and reform results of the new middle school system,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages,and summarizes the historical experience.First of all,this paper sorts out the development of secondary school system in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.It introduces the origin of five-year system in the late Qing Dynasty and four-year system in the early years of the Republic of China.It traces the source and analyzes historical reasons of "congenital deficiency" for Chinese secondary education and the necessity of academic reform.Secondly,it introduces the process of creation and improvement of the middle school three-three system.It mainly consists of three parts: First,analyze the factors that promote secondary school reform,including the independent exploration of Chinese education sector and the influence of American secondary school reform;second,comb the three important academic conferences,and the different opinions of various parties of education sector on the new system of secondary schools;thirdly,in the later period of reform,the adjustment of new system of secondary schools is mainly reflected in the standardization of three-three system and the abolition of comprehensive secondary school system;Furthermore,from the local and school levels,the practice of secondary school reform is demonstrated.At the local level,this paper sorts out the measures for the secondary schools’ reform in the provinces,especially highlighting the transition plans of the new and old systems,and presenting the results of the reforms in the form of quantitative statistics.At the school level,I select the Dongda High School,which leads the new wave of secondary schools,as a case to show the specific form of new school system;Then,the analysis of impact of secondary school reform on the university is mainly reflected in the abolition of the university preparatory course.It consists of two stages: in the pre-reform period,due to the lack of development in new high school,the college preparatory course was removed from the school system,but it has not stopped in the educational practice;In the later stage of the reform,the Ministry of Education explicitly abolished the university preparatory course and reorganized the affiliated secondary school to support the development of secondary education with the power of the university.The formulation and implementation of middle school three-three system is based on the development of education itself,and also meets the needs of social politics and economy at that time.It is the inevitable result of history.Looking back at this history,combined with the specific measures of the current new college entrance examination reform,we can gain experience and enlightenment for promoting contemporary education reform.