Resources Allocation Of Special Education Resources Based On The Perspective Of Education Equity

Education equity is the important foundation of social equity.Sufficient educational resources are the premise of educational equity development.What's more,reasonable allocation of educational resources is the key to realize the development of education equity.Under this background,this study used geographic information system(GIS)and analytic hierarchy process(AHP)from two levels to explore the current situation and main problems in the distribution of special education resources.At the macro level,three indicators of special education resources allocation,namely human resources,material resources along with financial resources,were selected for horizontal comparison.The purpose of this part was to explore the current situation of the allocation of special education resources allocation in different regions of China.At the micro level,taking Shanghai as an example,this study was aimed to the present situation of the spatial distribution of special education resources from the aspects of coverage and accessibility.Finally,according to the problems,this study tried to find out corresponding effective strategies to improve the equity of special education and verify the effectiveness of space layout optimization.The results were as follows:(1)In the study of the allocation of inter-provincial special education resources,results showed that in terms of human resource allocation,the student-to-faculty ratio was above 6:1 in most areas,the qualification rate of teachers in all regions was above 96%;the percentage of teachers with higher than required qualifications in most regions was less than 80% while that in Beijing and Shanghai was more than 89%;in terms of material resources,the per capita teaching and auxiliary room area in most areas was more than 6 square meters and the per capita books was less than 25 volumes in most areas;in terms of financial resources allocation,the per capita education expenditure in most areas of Eastern China was more than 30,000 yuan,while that in most areas of Western China was less than 15,000 yuan.The per capita education expenditure index in most areas was less than 50%.(2)The results of special education resource allocation in the east,central and western regions showed that,whether in the overall level of education resources allocation or in the rankingof single indicators of human resources,material resources or financial resources allocation,more than 80% of the eastern regions were in the top 15,about 50% of the central regions were in the top15,and more than 90% of the western regions were in the last 15.(3)The results of Shanghai spatial layout research showed that when the service radius of special education schools in the central city was 5 km,they could basically cover the whole area,while in the outer ring city,the service radius of schools was 20 km.Within 30 minutes,people could get to a special education school from all the residential areas in the central city,while most of the urban areas in the outer ring needed about 60 minutes or more.(4)After the Voronoi diagram was used to divide school districts,the convenience for people in other districts moving from residential areas to special schools was enhanced except the city center and Chongming districts.After choosing new school sites using location allocation method,the number of residential areas covered by the school service area within 30 minutes accounted for85.09% of the total number of residential points in the outer ring city,increased by 4.81%,and the disabled population served increased by 16863.9.What's more,there was no change happened in downtown.The conclusions were as follows:(1)In most areas of China,special education teachers and school collections were relatively scarce.In addition,the main dilemmas facing the allocation of special education resources in different regions were different.(2)The allocation of special education resources in the eastern,central and western regions were not balanced enough,each with its own characteristics and problems.The level of economic development and the degree of support of local governments for special education were the main factors affecting the balance of special education resource allocation among regions.(3)Both the coverage and accessibility of special education resources in the central city of Shanghai were better than those in the outering city area.The lack of balanced spatial distribution of special education resources in Shanghai had hindered the fair development of special education.(4)The use of GIS technology to divide school districts and location could provide specialeducation resource coverage and accessibility,which was an effective way to promote the balance of special education resources allocation.The relevant departments of the state and local governments should formulate targeted strategies according to the characteristics and problems of special education resources allocation in different regions.Local governments and relevant departments of education should pay attention to the overall layout when planning special education resources.More timely and effective measures are remained to be taken to optimize the spatial distribution of special education resources.