Research On Social Spatial Structure And Evolution Of Famous Historical And Cultural Towns In Southern Of Shanxi Province

In the development of historic and cultural towns,there are many problems in the collision between the long historical and cultural connotations and the requirements of high-speed urban and rural development.In urban and rural planning,the development of historic and cultural towns usually focuses on static material space.This study expects to provide a reference perspective of social space research for the theoretical system of urban and rural planning,and to form a social space in the system of planning and protection of ancient towns.Perfection and supplement of attribute research.Based on the perspective of combining the spatial structure and social structure of ancient towns,this study uses interdisciplinary research methods,and through historical data research,participation observation and questionnaire survey,compares and analyses the spatial differentiation of social structure formed by the social spatial subjects in different stages of historical and cultural towns,thus sums up the evolution and regularity of social spatial structure of historical and cultural towns in southern Shaanxi.The main conclusions of this study are as follows: Through the longitudinal comparison of the development of historic and cultural towns,it reflects the change of the main content of social space in the process of the development of historic and cultural towns,and the impact of the corresponding changes in social relations on social space.From the analysis of the spatial attributes,the evolution of the internal spatial structure of the four ancient towns in the historical growth stage and the modern development stage is formed.In the historical growth stage,the evolution of spatial structure shows the characteristics of single trend to pluralism,stable trend to fluctuation,and overall rapid expansion;in the modern development stage,the evolution of spatial structure presents the characteristics of multiple trend to compound,fluctuation trend to fusion,and overall stable expansion.Based on the analysis of the social attributes of space,this study defines the social structure of historic and cultural towns as residential structure,employment structure,occupational-residential structure and educational structure,and obtains the differentiation of various aspects in the space of ancient towns at different stages.Based on the evolution characteristics of social spatial structure in the historical growth stage and the modern development stage,the evolution laws of social spatialstructure in four ancient towns are summarized: the evolution of social spatial structure in the historical protection stage shows the characteristics of low spatial differentiation;the evolution of social spatial structure in the modern development stage shows the characteristics of high spatial differentiation.Overall,it shows fan-shaped or circle-shaped evolution and development,from internal to external in turn-primary circle layer,fusion circle layer and development circle layer,showing unidirectional,multi-directional and all-directional extension.Exploring the dynamic role in the evolution of social spatial structure of ancient towns,physical and geographical factors play a fundamental role,background policy and socio-economic form factors play a macro-dynamic role,and social structure change is the primary driving force.By synthesizing the three evolutionary motives,the evolutionary principles of social spatial structure are concluded: natural factors breed,promote and restrict the spatial expansion direction and spatial structure evolution of ancient towns;social and economic changes drive the evolution of industrial structure and social structure of ancient towns,remolding residential differentiation and planning from the residential isolation under feudal hierarchy,economic status under the budding capitalism.Equitable living under the economy and the diversity of life style under the market economy form the residential differentiation.Suggestions on the planning and protection of historic and cultural towns are put forward from the aspects of residential space planning,occupational and residential layout,historical pattern,public service facilities allocation and industrial development.