The Form Of “thumos”--Aristotle's Concept Of Courage And Its Enlightenment Significance

Bravery has always been an important spiritual value to be conveyed by education,and it is also the core content of the cultivation of talent morality and an important quality for individuals to cope with uncertainty,crisis and difficult times.However,bravery and its enlightenment have been alienated in modern times,and the connection between bravery and“thumos” has been neglected.When we return to the classical perspective to seek the truth of bravery and its enlightenment,Aristotle's concept of bravery undoubtedly provides us with extremely valuable wisdom.Therefore,this research mainly adopts literature research,as a classic text reading education of Aristotle's works,the attention before and after the main ideas and logic,the classify,clear structure,clear clue,to Aristotle's thought on the basis of overall understanding,in the form of the material-philosophy Angle of view to analyze the essence of the brave,type,and civilized way,from the “thumos” for the brave to explain Aristotle's thought and enlightenment significance.In the Aristotelian theory system,bravery is very important for the politics of the classical city-state.It not only protects the basic elements of the city-state--population and land,but also helps to optimize the form of the city-state.Bravery is the first moral virtue,because it means the individual to face the greatest pain and have the greatest self-control.When we look at bravery from the perspective of "material-form",blood is the material of bravery,while soul is the form of bravery.The essence of bravery is the combination of “thumos”and soul.“thumos” as material lurks the brutality,violence,bloody side and noble,justice,outstanding personality,it is not only the individual reckless and cowardice of never,never of brave,it requires the implementation of the soul with the corresponding purpose and motivation,and the different levels of the individual soul and the soul of the internal order by natural vehicle to present a different levels and types of brave,such as: feeling soul informs in the “thumos”,presented out of fear,optimistic,and the three lower levels of anger;The soul of reason is endowed with the spirit of “thumos”,which presents the three higher levels of bravery: knowledge,honor and disgrace,and the true sense.The cultivation of bravery mainly lies instrengthening individual “thumos” and purifying individual “thumos”,mainly through eugenics,sports,law,music and tragedy.True bravery refers to the positive potential of an individual to defend justice and pursue excellence through noble purpose and logos means endowed by his intellectual soul in a difficult and painful situation.Aristotle's concept of courage provides us with the following enlightenment on the issue of brave enlightenment at present: Firstly,brave enlightenment should guide individuals to set up the goal of "public";Secondly,the current education is in urgent need of strengthening individual “thumos” through physical education,and attaching importance to the value of aesthetic education and philosophical education in the process of purifying “thumos”;Thirdly,students should be trained to be noble in proper risk and difficulty training.