Spatial Pattern Of Hubei Province's Population Distribution At Town Units And Its Geographical Factors Detection

Space and environment,as a unique perspective of geography different from other disciplines,attaches importance to the spatial law of population distribution and its relationship with environment,which is an important guarantee to play the role of population geography.Based on the data of population,vector base map,economic and natural factors base map of villages and towns in Hubei Province in 2015,this study uses population density as the proxy index of population density.Firstly,the differences of demographic spatial distribution information between prefecture,county,district and township scales are compared.Then,the characteristics of demographic distribution at Township scale are investigated by means of spatial auto correlation,standard deviation ellipse,population gravity center and variogram,and the geographic influence factors of demographic distribution differences are analyzed by introducing geographic detector method.The results show that:(1)Township scale is better than county and municipal scale in showing the population distribution pattern,spatial agglomeration and differentiation characteristics of Hubei Province.With the reduction of observation scale,the information obtained becomes more specific,the homogenization characteristics become less and less obvious,and the spatial heterogeneity becomes clearer and clearer.The spatial correlation characteristics will change obviously with the decrease of the scale,and the concentration degree of population density distribution will increase with the decrease of the observation scale.(2)The population quantity and density of each township unit in Hubei Province are quite different,with dense streets in urban areas and relatively sparse villages and towns in rural areas.Population distribution in provincial space presents a macro-pattern of "east-Mississippi sparse,middle-centered".The dense areas are mainly distributed in the inverted "V" belt area centered on Wuhan and extending northward,southeast and southwest.The population distribution of Hubei Province shows a southeast-northwest trend.The difference between East and West is greater than that between North and south.The population density of Hubei Province is shrinking and concentrated in the southeast.The average center of population density in Hubei Province is Shihe Town,Tianmen City,located in the southeast of the territorial center,and tends to move to the east.(3)The population of Hubei Province is not randomly distributed,but has a strong spatial correlation.Township units with similar population density tend to cluster.There are many high-high agglomeration types,mainly distributed in Wuhan,Xiangyang,Huangshi and other typical urban jurisdictions,forming a number of high-density population areas;there are only four high-low agglomeration types,namely,Dongcheng Street of Lichuan City,Yinzhong Town of Zhongxiang City,Chengguan Town of Zhushan County and Fangxian County;There are only four low-high agglomeration types,namely Tianxing Township in Wuhan,Xiakou Scenic Area in Yichang City,Liangpeng Township and Aijia Town;the most low-low agglomeration types are concentrated in Shennongjia Forest District in the western part of the province,southeastern Enshi Prefecture,southwestern Shiyan City,Wufeng,Changyang in Yichang City,and Suixian and Shayang Prison District,which form low-density areas of population distribution in the whole province.(4)The results of variance function show that when the distance from the center of township unit exceeds 52.3 km,the spatial autocorrelation of population density disappears,that is,the distance from the center of township unit exceeds 52.3 km,and the distribution of population density no longer reflects the rule that changes with distance.This total spatial variation mainly comes from the structural factors of the population system itself.Directionally,the spatial variability of the northwest-southeast direction is the largest,and the northeast-southwest direction is the smallest.(5)The single factor detection results of spatial variability of population distribution showed that the effects of ecosystem type,per capita GDP,altitude,topographic gradient,multi-year average temperature,dryness and multi-year average precipitation decreased in turn.There are strong interactions among these factors.Compared with pure natural factors and their interactions,the interaction between natural and human factors has a greater impact on the formation of population distribution pattern.Two possible innovations of this paper are to use a more detailed Township scale to depict the spatial distribution pattern of population in Hubei Province,to explore the spatial agglomeration and differentiation of population density distribution and the differences in various directions;and to try to use a more scientific method to detect the impact factors on population distribution and the interaction between the factors to be measured.Quantitative expression was performed.The research results are expected to provide decision-making reference for relevant government departments in formulating population-related policies,guiding the rational distribution of population and regional development planning.