A Study On City Difference Of The Labor Participation Decision Of Married Women

Labor is the key to promote economic growth factor,as a country that enjoys a long-term "demographic dividend",since reform and opening up,China’s labor supply for the contribution rate of GDP per capita is about 27%,Chinese female labor force participation rate is always in a leading position in the world.But compared with other countries in recent years,the female labor force participation rate has been declining,lead to constant loss of China’s "demographic dividend".For decision-making of labor participation population,female labor force participation has particularity compared with male.Because women has a comparative advantage in family activities,the choice of female labour participation is more affected by family factors and that makes their labor participation in decision-making is more complicated than men,especially married women are more likely to quit or joined the Labour market.Therefore,how to improve the female labor supply and revitalize the labor production factors is an urgent problem to be solved for realizing sustainable economic development.The rapid development of urbanization makes different cities have significant differences in economic status,scientific and educational level,etc.Such urban differences undoubtedly play an important role in labor participation decision-making.However,previous studies have tended to explain the differences in labor participation by uneven regional development,ignore the differences between the city of female individual labor participation in decision making.Therefore,based on the labor economics,economics,human capital structure theory and related theory as the foundation,to married women labor participation in decision-making of city as the research angle of view,this paper referring to the relevant domestic and foreign research,to study the urban differences of married women’s labor participation in decision-making through the comparison estimation method of Probit model and OLS model.In terms of empirical analysis,the cross-sectional data at the three time points of 2002,2007 and 2013 were first compared to explore the influence of personal factors and family factors on the overall sample labor participation decision-making and the time variation trend.Then,the sample was divided according to the city to try to analyze the differences and influence mechanisms between the labor participation decisions of married women in municipalities directly under the central government,provincial capitals and other cities.The robustness test is carried out for the possible endogenous problems in the model selection,which proves that the regression model selected in this paper has good explanatory power.the married women’s labor participation in decision-making of urban differences.Finally,this paper focus on analyzing from two aspects of individual and family factors affect different factors of urban married female labor participation in decision-making mechanism,and puts forward relevant policy suggestions.The paper includes five parts:the first part is the introduction.It’s about the background,the research,the structure,the research and the innovation and the lack of this research,and the general idea of the general idea of the study.The second part is the literature review at home and abroad.This paper illustrates the research status of urban regional factors in China and abroad.The third part is the theoretical basis.The relevant theoretical models are summarized to provide theoretical support for the research of this paper.The fourth part is the empirical analysis.The general differences in labor participation of married women and the structural differences between cities were studied and explained.The fifth part is the conclusion and policy suggestions.This paper finds that in terms of age factors,there is an "inverted u-shaped"relationship between married women’s labor participation and age.Before the age of 35,female labor participation has increased with age,and female labor participation has decreased after the age of 35.In terms of education factor,women with higher education degree are more likely to participate in the labor market,but this promotion effect decreases with the passage of time.College degree or above has a significant impact on labor participation,especially for married women in municipalities and other cities.In terms of family responsibilities,the elderly care has no obvious direction for married women’s labor participation.Preschool children care has become the main family responsibility of urban married women,which has a negative impact on married women’s labor participation decision-making,especially for women in municipalities directly under the central government.In terms of family income,the substitution effect of income on labor participation is greater than that of income.The improvement of family income has a positive impact on the labor participation of married women,especially in provincial capitals.According to the above research results,the policy suggestion is that:we should optimize the employment environment of married women and expand the employment channels of them;improve the women’s phased employment system and improve the relevant social security system;adjust the development model of the municipality directly under the central government and coordinate the development of inter-city industries;encourage ways to raise wages and incomes in provincial capitals,increase the total income of households.It is hoped that through these ways,married women,as potential labor force,will increase their participation in the labor force,narrow the development gap between cities and promote economic development from the perspective of structural optimization.