| Objective The study explores the effect of physical activity on physical health and lifestyle in preschool children,provides an deeper understanding of the current situation in preschool children's physical activity,helping to improve the physical fitness of children and promote the overall development of physical fitness.Methods A total of 120 3-5 year-old preschool children were selected in a kindergarten in Shanghai;inclusion criteria were based on age,excluding exercise contraindications.The physical fitness test was completed according to the "National Fitness Measurement Standards Manual",physical activity measurements were performed using a three-axis accelerometer Kenz GX(Lifecorder,Suzuken,Japan)worn on the right hip;continuous wear for 7 days,including 5 weekdays,2 weekend days;the Preschool Lifestyle Questionnaire was developed by the Japan Sports Association.According to the method of deviation,the activities of children were divided into high-activity group,middle-activity group and low-activity group.The differences were analyzed in physical fitness and lifestyle of different activity groups.According to the growth curve of children's body mass index,the children were divided into normal BMI and overweight/obesity to conduct physical activity tracking for one year,to study their changes in physical activity.Results(1)The age is older,the level of physical activity is higher,and the MVPA is higher;the children of different genders were difference in physical activity(p<0.05),the boys is higher;the weekday's physical activity of boys aged 3.0-3.9 is higher than weekends.There is a positive correlation between weekday's MVPA and weekend's MVPA for 4.0-4.9years old children.The weekday's MVPA is higher;the weekend's MVPA is higher.(2)There are different weekday's activities and strengths,with different physical fitness.The 3.0-3.9 year-old low-activity group had a difference in the 10m-dash and side-to-side jump between the other groups(p<0.05).The low-activity group had lower scores and lower MVPA.The 4.0-4.9 year-old low-activity group of girls children had differences with the other two groups in side-to-side jump(p<0.05).The low-activity group had lower scores;the low-activity group had lower MVPA.Different weekend's activities have different physical fitness.The 4.0-4.9 year-old boys,there was a difference in the 10m-dash between the low-activity group and the middle-activity group(p<0.05).The middle-activity group had high scores and the MVPA was higher.The 3.0-3.9 year-old girls,there was a difference between the high-activity group and the low-activity group(p<0.05).The high-activity group had high scores and the MVPA was higher.(3)There was a difference in the way of transportation between boys and girls of different activity groups(p<0.05),and the high-activity group was mainly bus/subway and walking.There was a difference in the walking time of girls in different groups(p<0.05).The high-activity group had a longer walking time.After school,the high-activity group of girls chose to play ball games more,and the high-activity group of boys chose to play in the outdoor more.(4)The ratio of obesity in boys and girls increased a year later.There was a difference between the 16 th and 17 th years of MVPA in the overweight/obesity groups of boys(p<0.05).The activity time of overweight/obesity group is reduced.Conclusions(1)The age of 3-5 year-old preschooler is older,the level of physical activity is higher;boys is higher than girls in the physical activity,and the weekday is higher than the weekend;the proportion of obese children aged 4 years is higher,and the MVPA of the overweight/obesity groups of boys is reduced;the MVPA level is not up to the international physical activity recommendation of children.Should be given great attention.(2)The results of 10m-dash and side-to-side jump are positively correlated with preschool children's physical activity and MVPA,indicating that increasing the daily physical activity and the time of preschool children is conducive to the overall development of children's physical fitness.(3)Preschooler who use walking and buses as a means of schooling has greater physical activity than preschooler of attending private cars.The walking times is longer;the proportion of parks and community activities is higher;the physical activity is higher.Therefore,establishing a good travel mode and physical activity behavior is an important guarantee for improving children's physical fitness. |
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