A Study On The Cooperative Movement Of Agriculture In The Suburbs Of Shanghai(1951-1956)

After the completion of the land reform in Shanghai suburbs in 1951,the national land ownership system was implemented in the suburban land.In addition,the social characteristics of semi industry and semi agriculture formed in the historical development process of the suburban land itself,therefore,the companion group originated from the traditional habit of mutual assistance and the helper group for the purpose of preferential treatment to the martyrs and the military were born on this basis.At the same time,this kind of mutual aid group,which is dominated by the government and has the characteristics of companion workers and superior families,has many difficulties in the later development of mutual aid group due to its failure to solve the most concerned problem of equal value and mutual benefit among the farmers in the group.The emergence of the contradiction between recording work and calculating account and production makes the mutual aid group in a dilemma.In order to better carry out the mutual aid and cooperation movement and save the mutual aid group in the dilemma,the grass-roots cadres and part-time farmers took measures against the management dilemma in the process of cooperation,such as the score of record work,the contradiction of priority,etc.,that is,the so-called "land equity",trying to solve the contradiction by improving the level of cooperative organizations.At first,this kind of spontaneous land ownership in the suburbs had a negative impact because of its rapid development.However,with the adjustment of the policy of agricultural cooperation movement and its later recovery,the mutual cooperation movement in the suburbs was on the right track again.The form of suburban mutual aid group has changed and entered the stage of rapid development from group to cooperative.However,the good times are not long.Due to the reappearance of the old problems,the mutual aid and cooperation movement has fallen into difficulties and even stagnation.In 1954,after the mutual aid group gradually entered the primary stage of the society,the mutual aid and cooperation movement officially began.The problems of successively contradictory and recording work score did not disappear completely,but became more and more difficult.There were also problems in the form of leadership,which became an important reason for the mutual aid and cooperation movement to fall into difficulties and even stagnation.After the decision of the suburban working committee to suspend the development of the cooperative in the spring of 1955,the movement of mutual assistance and cooperation in the suburbs was restored and consolidated.Due to the continuous maturity of the conditions for the establishment of cooperatives,the suburban Working Committee decided to strengthen mutual assistance and cooperation,gradually transition to a high-level cooperative,and complete the suburban agricultural cooperative movement.With the arrival of the climax of the mutual aid and cooperation movement,the suburban areas have formulated new development plans,and the mutual aid and cooperation movement has been fully developed.On January 18,1956,the suburban Working Committee announced that the suburbs of Shanghai officially entered into socialism.The arrival of socialism also means the official exit of the mutual aid group.