Research On The Management System Of Non-Profit Organizations In China From The Perspective Of Institutional Change

Since the 1970 s,with the wave of globalization,non-profit organizations(NPOs)have flourished in the world,and their influence has penetrated into all aspects of social life.As a form of social organization that different from government and enterprises,the issue of NPOs is not only related to the government management,but also related to the basic structure of society and fairness or justice.Although China’s NPOs started late,from the rapid development and social functions of NPOs,we can find that they have become a landscape of undertaking the transformation of government functions,making up for the lack of market supply,resolving social contradictions and promoting the most active cooperative governance.The development background of China’s NPOs is different from that of western developed countries.NPOs in western developed countries are products of power balance based on limited government and free market system,while NPOs in China are the social space gradually separated from the state domain with the transformation of government functions after experiencing the state of high unity between the state and society in the “Overall Society”.Therefore,the ups and downs of non-profit organizations have the same development trend as the government’s management policies and means.Since the promulgation of the People’s Republic of China’s first regulation on the management of associations in 1950,the management system of NPOs in China has gone through four important stages of development: Politicized management,Decentralized management,Double management and Classified management.In the process of change,the institutional arrangement and implementation gradually improved,but it is also increasingly showing its own characteristics and problems.All along,many scholars will seek help from the theory of institutional change in the course of discussion on how to promote effective institutional arrangement and how to improve the system performance,and the theory of institutional change has become an important theoretical basis for research in different subject areas.Based on the research perspective of institutional change and the framework of supply-demand analysis,the paper explores the realistic problems and its causes of the management system of NPOs in China on the basis of combing the historical evolution of the management system of NPOs in China.In the process of supply-demand analysis of institutional change,the article discusses the practice of the management system of China’s NPOs from the external environment of institutional change,the cost of institutional change,the provider of institutional change and the informal system.This paper argues that the complex political-social relationship,the traditional concept of “All-round Government” and imbalance of system supply have become urgent problems to be solved,and the reasons for these issue is because of the existence and influence of rational economic person characteristics of the suppliers of institutional change,the mode of compulsory institutional change,the path dependence and the informal system.Finally,in the view of the above problems,the article puts forward some suggestions on optimizing the management system of NPOs in China.The first part of this article includes the introduction and the content od the first chapter,which mainly overviews the overall research of this article,elicits the research questions,explains the source of this paper,and summarizes the research status of the management system of NPOs and the theoretical basis of the paper,pointing out the innovation and deficiency of the paper.The first chapter mainly defines the relevant concepts in the thesis,introduces the theoretical basis of the thesis research,and expounds the feasibility of using the theory of institutional change as analytical tool in this paper.The second part of this paper is the main content of the study,including the content from chapter 2 to chapter 5.The chapter 2 mainly combs the historical evolution and basic characteristics of the management of NPOs in China from the vertical perspective.According to the development characteristics and rules of NPOs in China,this chapter divides the management system into four stages: politicized management period,decentralized management period,double management period and classified management period.The process of China’s NPOs management system from scratch and dispersion to normalization not only reflects the alternating and changing of the old and new system,but also complements the whole social environment,showing the basic path of “system shortage,system construction,system balance and system adjustment”.The prime purpose of this chapter is not only to sort out the management system of China’s NPOs,but also to provide a historical and realistic basis for the analysis of supply and demand of the latter system changes.Chapter 3 based on the system’s supply and demand perspective and from the theory of institutional change analysis of China’s NPOs management system change internal motivation.The theory of institutional change provides a new research perspective for analyzing the change of the management system of NPOs,and the balance of supply-demand of system is an important condition for the balance of system.In this process,the external environment of institutional change,the cost of institutional change and the demand of public participation to express the demand constitute the demand factors of the institutional change.The benign development of national economy or civil society,the promotion of the compulsory authority of the government and the influence of the informal system constitute the supply factors of the change of the management system of NPOs in China.Chapter 4 summarizes the problems of the change of the management system of NPOs in China on the basis of the chapter 2 and chapter 3.And this part also analyzes and explains the reasons for these problems from the perspective of the theory of institutional change and the theory of public choice.Because China’s NPOs are mainly separated from the government functional departments,in the allocation of social resources,the supply of public services,the organizations of internal governance and other aspects are affected by the government departments.All along,the complex political and social relations hinder the independent development of NPOs,and the concept of “All-round government” still exists in many local government departments.Furthermore,the imperfect system of laws or regulations and the change of the mandatory system of government are important reasons for the lack system and the existence of system surplus in China.In turn,the institutional reform in the social field of our country is hindered.Chapter 5 returns to the supply-demand framework of institutional change to put forward the proposal of system optimization from the perspective of the supply,demand and overcoming the path dependence of the management system of NPOs.Improving the legal system of NPOs,improving the relationship between the government and NPOs,enhancing the independence of NPOs,lowering the threshold of approval,building the common belief of government and NPOs and exploring multi-level institutional change are included.The third part of this paper is the conclusion part,which summarizes the research of the article,and looks forward to the development direction of China’s NPOs and government system.It is important to emphasize that based on the classification of NPOs is quite extensive,the text will take more "cultural non-profit organizations" into the overall writing process to make the expectation more specific.