From NIMBY To "YIMBY"

With the acceleration of urbanization,based on the function of providing public services,the government needs to build a large number of public facilities serving the production and living of urban residents.Residents have formed an averse and rejective attitude towards NIMBY(“not in my back yard”)facilities with negative externalities.When the government builds such public facilities,residents will take highly emotional boycotts or even conflicts.Academics call it NIMBY.According to the statistics of China's social public security research report,in only one quarter of2016,the country's more than 50 garbage incineration power generation projects will be located and under construction,but most of them are strongly resisted by the local people once the information of construction project documents is made public.NIMBY has a high incidence and frequent occurrence in our country,which poses a great threat to social stability.The government is facing great NIMBY pressure and challenges.In reality,though most NIMBY incidents in our country end with the shelving or relocation of NIMBY facilities,there are also some actual cases of NIMBY facilities landing successfully.For the phenomenon that NIMBY facilities construction is not opposed by residents and is very popular with residents,the academic circle calls it “yes in my back yard”(YIMBY).At present,there are relatively few theoretical results on the research of YIMBY.However,the study onthe YIMBY can provide a good demonstration for the exploration and settlement of disputes in NIMBY.Therefore,the correct understanding of NIMBY and YIMBY can provide a new way of thinking for the prevention of NIMBY and the promotion of YIMBY.For the study of NIMBY,many scholars assumed that the government and residents are completely rational people based on the classical game theory.The current classical game theory can only explain NIMBY,but not the coexistence of NIMBY and the YIMBY.Therefore,this paper attempts to introduce the new development of the classical game theory——behavioral game theory and tries to explain the coexistence of NIMBY and YIMBY with the view of reciprocity and fairness.First of all,this paper sorts out and summarizes the existing relevant research results and provides the basis and reference for subsequent analysis.Secondly,it explains the coexistence of NIMBY and YIMBY through practical cases.Under the classical game model,it gives a theoretical explanation to NIMBY but puts forward the paradox of the coexistence of NIMBY and YIMBY.Thirdly,the behavioral game theory is introduced to explain NIMBY,YIMBY and the transformation from NIMBY to YIMBY theoretically.Finally,the key explanation factors in behavioral game theory are put forward: positive reciprocity and negative reciprocity,and it puts forward measures to promote positive reciprocity and curb negative reciprocity.The study found that in the process of NIMBY facilities construction,the government and residents are not necessarily completely economic rational people.They are not only concerned about economic benefits,but also fairness,reciprocity and the psychological feelings.We will find that the YIMBY exists mainly because in the process of NIMBY facilities construction,the utility brought by fairness and goodwill far exceeds the utility brought by economic benefits.Therefore,NIMBY and YIMBY coexist in reality.The findings of this study also provide theoretical guidance and basis for the government to solve similar NIMBY facilities construction problems.