Social Fragmentation,state Power And Democratic Development

Under the situation of divided society,democratic transition is very difficult to be successful.Many scholars research the different forms of social divisions,however the civilization form of division ignored by many scholars.This paper argues that compared to the previous form of division,division of civilization will make democratic transition in division of civilization will face a more serious.Division of civilization,of course,does not necessarily mean the country democratic development inevitably fail,under the action of different types of national capacity,the separatist trend is likely to get a different degree of control.National capacity refers to the response for social separatism.Given diversity of state powerin the third world,some countries have the ability to transform and some only have the ability to correct and some is in state failure.Different state capacity of different countries is built by different process of modern state building.Different countries have different distribution of the national autonomy and national organizational system and than it will give democratic transition will produce different effects.This research suggestthat social divisions produce centrifugal effect,the role of national capacity produce Centripetal effect.If some countries have strong statel capacity,the development of democratic politics can be relatively successful.In order to prove the above point of view,the study choose Malaysia,Nigeria and Turkey as a case.Malaysia,Nigeria and Turkey is also in a divided social structure,however,three countries differ in state power and democratic development.Malaysia is a country with state autonomy and strong organizational system,therefore,Malaysian democratic development shows the characteristics of polymerization and development-oriented.Intergrative political system ensure democratization in divided society can be successful rather than different social groups capture state.Nigeria is a country have neither state autonomy nor strong organizational system,so democratic development face the problem of centrifugal struggle between different groups.In Nigeria,democratization bring suffering again and again and democracy became means of mutul struggling between different groups.Turkey have state autonomy,but lack of organizational system for a long time,so turkey only have correct ability,special structure of state power makes democratic development shows the characteristics of reflection-balance stype.After the democratization of Turkey in 1946,Kemal’s past powerful rule left a large negative legacy for democratic competition and has stimulated the political polarization of different groups,the military-backed Kemal principle has been constantly challenged by other groups,but the military has been able to restore Democratic political order through military coups.Yet the game of democracy never took root in Turkey.In order to further verify the above theoretical assumptions,this research will divided Turkey into two stages before and after 2002.Turkish democracy development have a great change because the change of its state power after 2002.The democratic mode of the Justice and Development Party,once known as the "Turkish Model",is a model of democratic development in Middle East.Despite today Turkish model faced some challenges,the governance model of Turkey remains democratic,in that the Justice and Development Party rule for consecutive 16 years in the context of democratic elections.