A Critique Of Rawls' Conception Of Justice

As a common norm that all members of society must abide by,justice has always been the subject of political philosophy.In particular,since the publication of Rawls' s A Theory of Justice in 1971,criticism of his just views has never stopped.In many doubts,Schaefer's critique of Rawls' s A Theory of Justice is the most comprehensive,specific and in-depth.In 2007,he published his book Illiberal Justice.The book's focus is different from most published research on Rawls' s work,because Schaefer's main concern is to think about the relationship between Justice and American political tradition.In the book,he comprehensively criticizes Rawls' s thought of justice and believes that Rawls' s philosophical model is politically harmful because it tends to oversimplify complex problems if fundamentally understood.In the words of liberalism,as a believer who supports freedom,Schaefer believes that Rawls' s orientation is profound anti-liberalism.He believes that justice should be absolute personal freedom,not the basic foundation of equality defended by Rawls.The first chapter of the thesis is the introduction part,which mainly includes the meaning of the topic and the research status of the topic.The second chapter is the discussion of the political thought tradition of the United States.Only by first understanding the political and ideological tradition of the United States can the justice of Rawls be the view has a basic grasp.This chapter mainly describes the development of American thought with liberalism as its core,including the source of the liberal tradition,the characteristics of the American liberal tradition and its final formation.The third chapter clarifies Rawls.The theory of fairness and justice and its theoretical connotation are mainly from three aspects: his motivation of fairness and justice,the interpretation of fairness and justice,and the feasibility of fairness and justice,thus clarifying the essence of Rawls' s view of justice: defending the basic freedom of equality.Rawls' s concept ofjustice promotes freedom,promotes free markets in economic relations,respects individual freedom of choice for opportunities and professions,and the government is obliged to provide citizens with social minimums that enable them to effectively exercise their freedoms and opportunities;The fourth chapter focuses on Schaefer 's critique of Rawls' s theory of justice.First,it is based on the interpretation of Schaefer 's concept of freedom.It mainly understands what kind of freedom that Schaefer advocates.The roots of the disagreement between Schaefer's view of freedom and Rawls' s view of freedom,thus laying the theoretical foundation for the following criticism of Rawls;secondly,the criticism of Rawls' s second principle,including the criticism of "ethical arbitrariness" ?the criticism of "equality of fair opportunity",The critique of the principle of the two arguments of A Theory of Justice;finally,the critique of economic justice under the framework of the two principles of justice,with Schaefer 's refutation of Rawls' s view of justice as fairness.In order to reveal the core of Schaefer's just thought,justice is the absolute individual freedom.The fifth chapter tells the significance of Schaefer's criticism of Rawls' s theory of justice: firstly,the evaluation of Rawls' s concept of justice from the perspective of Marx's philosophy;secondly,the exploration of Schaefer's criticism of Rawls' s justice the realization of China's social wealth distribution justice and the enlightenment of China's construction of social security system.