A Study About The Chinese Revolutionary Relief Society(1925-1934)

Inspired by the establishment of foreign political relief groups and their activities,the call of the Communist International,the need for the development of the domestic revolutionary struggle.In September 1925,under the direct call and specific leadership of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China,the Chinese Revolutionary Relief Society was established in Shanghai with the main purpose of relief of the victims of the revolution.After that,local chapters such as the Shanghai Revolutionary Relief Society,the Hunan Revolutionary Relief Society,the Guangdong Revolutionary Relief Society,and the Beijing Revolutionary Relief Society were established.After the breakdown of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party,in the face of a severe environment,in some areas,the Chinese Revolutionary Relief Society continued to be established.In November 1928,the Chinese Revolutionary Relief Society in various districts of Shanghai began to carry out activities in the name of the Humane Mutual Aid Society.In late November 1929,under the direct leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,the National Congress of the Chinese Revolutionary Relief Society was held in Shanghai secretly.The General Assembly decided to change its name to "Chinese Revolutionary Mutual Aid Society ".Since then,the revolutionary relief organization led by the CCP has appeared in the face of the "Chinese Revolutionary Mutual Aid Society".During the National Revolution,the CCP’s positioning of the Chinese Revolutionary Relief Society was “a tool to realize the united front” and “the defense of the red revolution”,with the aim of relieving the victims of all liberation movements.After the breakdown of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party,with the evolution of the CCP’s own line,the CCP’s line of the Chinese Revolutionary Relief Society has also evolved.Before and after the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1928,the CCP stressed that the Chinese Revolutionary Relief will definitely not be a charity or a simple relief agency;that its mission is mainly to provide spiritual and material relief to the devastated revolutionaries,clamied that it break into the masses of workers and peasants to promote their consciousness and unity,in the name of Relief,and lead them to the Communist Party.From the end of 1929 to June 1930,under the influence of the Lisan route,the Chinese Revolutionary Mutual was completely led to the roadof direct and comprehensive struggle.At the end of September 1930,after the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China began to correct and even criticize the Lisan route,and believed that guiding the Chinese Revolutionary Mutual to organize armed riots is the evil result of the Lisan route.Shortly after criticizing the Li San route,the "Left" adventurism represented by Wang Ming was once dominant in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.Affected by this,the line of the Chinese Revolutionary Mutual also began to criticize "right opportunism" and turned to "left leaning" to re-emphasize direct struggle.In the organizational system,the system of the Chinese Revolutionary Relief Society was conceived as a national general meeting,a provincial general meeting,a county or city general meeting,a district general meeting and branches,and had carefully regulated the organization of the Chinese Revolutionary Mutual at all levels.In order to strengthen the leadership of the Chinese Revolutionary Relief Society,the CCP has established a party group at all levels of the Chinese Revolutionary Relief,and the party group was led by party departments at all levels.In the actual organizational development,the scope of the Chinese Revolutionary Relief Society was very extensive and had been established in most provinces and Soviet areas in the country.However,due to the harsh living environment and other reasons,organizational development and operational efficiency in many areas were far from institutional ideas.Responding to the evolution of the CCP’s route to the Chinese Revolutionary Relief Society,during the National Revolution,the Chinese Revolutionary Relief rescued the injured and arrested persons and their families,and exposed and denounced the atrocities committed by the British and Japanese countries and the Beiyang government,which produced a certain boost to the advancement of the national revolution.After the breakdown of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party,the actual activities of the Chinese Revolutionary Mutual Society were very general in scope.In the Kuomintang District,the Chinese Revolutionary Relief rescued the arrested CCP and their families,and even directly participated in the organizing of prison riots in some areas;participated in the organizing of public demonstrations against the Kuomintang’s“white terror”;publicly recruited ambulance team propagandists,military doctors,and military officers for the Red Army;during part of the period in Shanghai,the Chinese RevolutionaryRelief Society also served as a bridge between the Famous people outside the party and the Communist Party.In the Soviet areas,the Chinese Revolutionary Mutual Society engaged in the comfort and pension of the Red Army soldiers and their families;engaged in social relief work such as relief for refugees;engaged in activities such as expanding the Red Army and returning public debt.Although the actual activities of the Chinese Revolutionary Relief are seriously generalized,the level of activity is not sufficient.On the whole,the activities of the Chinese Revolutionary Relief have produced a limited impetus for the CCP’s activities in the Kuomintang District and the consolidation and development of the Soviet areas.