| Maqu County is a traditional animal husbandry community in history.Under the geological,topographic and climatic conditions,it has formed a vast grassland of high quality.By means of seasonal nomadism,people in this area utilize the strong mobility and herbivorous characteristics of livestock to transform natural resources that human beings can not directly digest into livestock products to provide their living needs.However,since the 1980 s,the problem of ecological environment destruction has become increasingly serious,and the living standard of nomads can not be improved.Therefore,the government has successively carried out policies and measures such as "Grass and Livestock Dual Contracting to Household Responsibility System" and "Herdsmen Settlement Project",which broke the traditional nomadic livelihood way inherited from the historical development,which not only has a profound impact on the living style,production mode,public space,diet structure,wealth accumulation and other aspects,but also makes the traditional customs and morals.Great changes have taken place in the value system.Therefore,the nomads are facing the dual socialproblems of the transformation of livelihood and cultural changes.Based on the existing research results and related theories,this paper explores the cultural changes and livelihood transformation of Maqu Pastoral Area through anthropological and sociological perspectives,combining text research and field research.In this paper,in the field research to understand the actual situation of the case to grasp the integrity and universality of pastoral areas.In the first chapter,the author mainly explores the composition of the audience of nomadic culture in Tibetan context,namely "Zhuoba".In the second chapter,the changes of nomadic culture in diet,clothing and labor materials are discussed.In the third chapter,the impacts of grassland management system changes on nomadic livelihoods in terms of resource utilization,labor force and livestock stocks were observed.The main content of the fourth chapter is that in the process of promoting herdsmen’s settlement and re-socialization,the herdsmen’s marginal state in the social and cultural situation and the special situation of inheriting the living culture.Finally,it summarizes the objective reasons for the change of nomadic livelihoods and the main reasons why the overall change process of nomadic culture conforms to the general law of cultural change. |
