The Humanistic Thoughts In The Spring And Autumn Period And The Transformation Of Chinese Traditional Governance

The Xia,Shang and Western Zhou periods can be called the "God" world.The Spring and Autumn Period is a period of great change in Chinese society and a period of great turning in the field of thought.The sign of this turning point is the rise of humanistic thinking.The emergence of humanistic thought in the spring period is based on the social changes in the Spring and Autumn Period.First of all,the political situation in the Spring and Autumn Period has undergone tremendous changes.The decline of the Zhou Dynasty,the rise of the princes and scholars,broke the original political situation and formed a new political structure.Second,productivity has developed rapidly.It is mainly reflected in the use of iron production tools and the promotion of cattle farming.Meanwhile,Handicrafts and commerce have also developed rapidly.Third,science and technology have made tremendous progress,especially in the development of astronomy,medicine,mathematics,etc.,making people’s understanding more scientific and rational.The development of history promoted the liberation of thought and stimulated the awakening of ration.The political thought before the Spring and Autumn Period was based on the "theocracy"-led ideology with a strong religious color.During the Spring and Autumn Period,some thinkers and politicians carried out in-depth thinking on God,Heaven,and human beings,breaking through the shackles of religious theology and realizing the awakening of human reason.This process manifests itself from "God" to "Heaven" and from "Shen" to "Humanity." People start from the natural nature of heaven,thus liberating the heavens from God.From the social reality of human beings,they regard human beings as the root of social relations and political changes,thus breaking the shroud of religious theology and forming a Humanistic thinking with natural and morality.This kind of humanistic thinking has promoted new changes in the political concept during the Spring and Autumn Period.On the one hand,the concept of "German" and "ritual" has incorporated new connotations.The "German" in the Spring and Autumn Period internalizes the "German" of the first king of the Western Zhou Dynasty into the ethics of reality,and gradually realizes the morality of morality;it also develops moral factors inpolitical culture.Put forward the political thought of "being political and moral".The "ritual" in the Spring and Autumn Period gradually changed the "ritual" of "Ritual and Musical Civilization" before the Spring and Autumn Period to the importance of political rational order and ethical norms.On the other hand,it recognizes the main role of human beings in the political life of the country.In the specific political life,it is reflected in the importance attached to the people,which has produced the idea of "emphasizing the people and ignoring the people" and "focusing on the people and the lighter people",laying a foundation for the in-depth development of the people-oriented thinking.In the late Spring and Autumn Period,thinkers and politicians,represented by Laozi and Confucius,summarized and upgraded the humanistic thinking and realized the unity of ideological transformation and governance transformation.Laozi starts from the natural nature of human beings and attributes his thoughts to "Tao".At the same time,the principle of "natural Taoism" was also put forward.Under the guidance of this principle,the rule of "doing nothing for rule" was finally formed.Confucius starts from the social nature of human beings,emphasizes the ethics of human beings,and advocates the realization of the process of self-contained people under the norms of rituals,thus finally forming a combination of "benevolence" and "ritual".From the perspective of nature and ethics,it has broken through the shackles of the destiny theology since the Western Zhou Dynasty,thus forming a new type of governance with humanistic ideas in the Spring and Autumn Period.This kind of governance with humanistic thought has had a tremendous impact on the development of traditional Chinese governance.