The Collapse Of The Commonwealth

Mid 17 th century is one of the most remarkable era in the history of England,during this time because of the rapid development of British capitalism economy and the reformation effect further,in social as well as the Stuart dynasty autocratic rule of a series of problems in this stage,finally in the early 40 s led to a prolonged the English civil war.At the same time,the English intelligentsia had a heated debate on whether to continue to support the Stuart rule,which divided the royalist camp in favor of the king's rule and the revolutionary camp in favor of the resistance of parliament.The debate between the royalist camp and the revolutionary camp in intellectual theory reflects the ambivalence of the society's desire to build a strong citizen country and the wariness of the government authority in the process of the formation of a modern country.Therefore,the debate between the two camps has promoted the development of modern politics from their respective perspectives.This paper selects Thomas Hobbes,a typical royalist in this period,as a case study.Combining with specific historical facts,this paper analyzes the characteristics,development and relationship of Thomas Hobbes' royalist thought with The Times from the perspective of ideological history.On the one hand,this paper clarifies the crisis and challenge faced by the British political system in the mid-17 th century by sorting out Hobbes' experience before and after the civil war and his representative works of thought in various periods of his life.On the other hand,it explains how Hobbes' thought develops gradually with the passage of time and the change of the situation,so as to explore the development trend of the history of British thought.Hobbes was a political thinker who had a seminal influence on modern politics,but his ideas were also controversial in his own time.Hobbes was a staunch defender of royalism and absolutism all his life.Before the outbreak of the British civil war,his ideas were pursued by many royalists,and his theoretical works were regarded as classics by intellectuals at home and abroad.With the outbreak of the English civil war,faced with the fact that Charles I was executed by the republican government,Hobbes chose to compromise with the new government and further developed his ideas.Meanwhile,he was regarded as a traitor by most royalists and was banned.Hobbes' royalist thought was typical of that era,but at the same time,it was unique.He always hated revolution,regarded free thought as a flood beast,and firmly stood for the autocratic rule of the king.However,as his thought matured,he gradually distanced himself from the thoughts of exiled royalists.By contrast,many of his ideas resonate in the revolutionary camp.Hobbes' idea of kingship was based on a new political science and sociology.He tried to destroy the last bastion of medieval feudalism with a new weapon,but at the same time he hoped to save the crumbling monarchy from the ruins of the past.From this point of view,it is necessary to examine the founder of modern politics.Different from the previous studies on Hobbes' thoughts in China,this paper attempts to combine Hobbes' thoughts with the British civil war and various political struggles before and after the civil war,highlight a "change" word,and try to explain how Hobbes' royalist thought develops and revises.In the English civil war,the emphasis of the royalist ideology on the legal status of the existing government and the defense of the necessity of state power also had a certain impact on the trend of European political thought.Its academic significance lies in that it provides a new perspective for understanding the ideological debate on the political system in Britain in the mid-17 th century.Practical significance lies in Thomas Hobbes,in the face of the whole society within the scope of the ardent pursuit of democracy and freedom,still can not go with the flow,and also the cloud,always to cool and keen view of history development,perseverance,not afraid threat,this spirit is worth today is in the period of social transformation of China youth to study.