Theodore Roosevelt Government Of U.S. And The Venezuela Debt Crisis (1902-1904)

The Venezuelan debt crisis(1902-1904),also known as the second Venezuelan crisis,was an international crisis caused by the use of force by England,Germany,and Italy from 1902 to 1904 to jointly demand debt from Venezuela.This incident directly led to the intervention of major creditor countries against the Venezuelan internal affairs.The three European countries imposed a joint blockade against Venezuela and forced the Venezuelan government to repay its debts.In order to quickly lift the blockade,President Castro of Venezuela has tried hard to urge the United States to intervene mediation.With the participation of the Theodore Roosevelt government,the Venezuelan representative(the Venezuelan government entrusts the U.S.Minister Bowen as arbitrator)with England,Germany and Italy to make negotiations in Washington,sign the "Washington Protocol" and eventually submit the issue of whether the priority of the repayment of debt by Venezuela should be given to the blockade countries to the Hague International Arbitration Tribunal for adjudication.Through the main thread of the Theodore Roosevelt government’s participation in the settlement of the Venezuelan debt crisis(1902-1904),the good offices of the United States in the relations among all parties,and the influence on the U.S.foreign policy,it showed a concrete application and expansion of the Monroe Doctrine in its development process during the late 19 th century and early 20 th century,that is the “Roosevelt Corollary”.The Venezuela debt crisis was an important turning point in the foreign expansion of the United States during this period.Theodore Roosevelt government participated in the mediation crisis,which provided new challenges and opportunities for the United States to expand into South America and even Latin America as a whole.The Monroe Doctrine is the cornerstone of the United States’ policy toward Latin America.By the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century,as the strength of the United States increased,the Monroe Doctrine developed to a new stage.Shortly after this incident,Roosevelt developed the Monroe Doctrine to the “Roosevelt Corollary”.This is an important extension of the Monroe Doctrine.From the exclusion of European countries from interfering with the development of the Western Hemisphere affairs,the United States can interfere with the multinational affairs of the Americas according to its own logic and exercise the power of the police in the Western Hemisphere.This further expands the scope of the Monroe Doctrine and establishes its hegemony in the Americas.The analysis of the impact and significance of the Roosevelt government mediating the debt crisis in Venezuela is to explore the subtle changes in the relationship between the United States and European powers as reflected in this incident,as well as the evolution of the Monroe Doctrine in this period,and to further understand the nature of the expansion of the Monroe Doctrine under the new historical conditions;this has important practical significance for us to recognize the development and transformation of the U.S.diplomatic thinking and for us to understand the current relations between the United States and Latin America.