A Study On The Formation Of Marx's Concept Of The Proletariat(1842-1848)

The proletariat is the core category of Marx's ideology.Marx devoted all his life to the emancipation of the proletariat and human.Compared to extensive research on Marx's concept of the proletariat by foreign scholars,there has not been much direct research on this by domestic scholars so far,which shows that there is still considerable space for studying on Marx's concept of the proletariat.The process of What Marx puts forward and understands the concept of the proletariat is complicated and changeful.1842-1848,it was the critical period of the formation of Marx's concept of the proletariat.In this period,in general,Marx's concept of the proletariat had developed into the concept of historical materialism from the concept of abstract humanism.This article is divided into three chapters:The first chapter is the support background that Marx explores the concept of the proletariat.One background is the rise of German socialism and the discussion of the problem of the proletariat.Another is Marx's personal learning,life and the experience of working in the Rheinische Zeitung.The second chapter is that Marx understands the concept of the proletariat in the discourse of abstract humanism.In Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right,Marx proposed the concept of the proletariat officially for the first time.In Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,Marx tried to understand the proletariat by the theory of alienated labor.In Holy Family,Marx had understood the proletariat in the movement of private ownership.The third chapter is that after the establishment of historical materialism,Marx understands the proletariat in the context of historical materialism.In German Ideology,Marx abandoned the discourse of humanism,promoted the concept of the proletariat to the level of historical materialism,and interpreted the concept of the proletariat from the perspective of division of labor.In Poverty of Philosophy,Marx tried to understand the proletariat from the perspective of unequal distribution,and made a distinction between "class-in-itself" and "class-for-itself",and put forward the problem of class consciousness.In this text,it also emerged that Marx explained the proletariat from the perspective of the critique of political economy.In Communist Manifesto,around the three elements of the class struggle,the proletarian dictatorship and the proletarian party,Marx expounded the situation and historical mission of the proletariat from the aspect of revolutionary practice.Finally,Marx's concept of the proletariat is summarized:on the one hand,the proletariat represents a critique of the present capitalist society.Although it is produced in the capitalist mode of production,it is the negation of capitalist private ownership(private property),which is the gravedigger of the capitalist mode of production.It has no means of production in itself,sells its own labor force to make a living,suffers from the exploitation of capital,and bears all the miseries of society;on the other hand,the proletariat is the main force to realize human emancipation,and masters the advanced productive forces.Its mission is also of world historical significance.Through a series of revolutionary measures,such as class struggle,proletarian dictatorship and the establishment of the proletarian party,the proletariat will overthrow capitalist rule,eliminate private ownership,and eventually achieve communism.