The Construction Of The Legitimacy Of "Revolution" Discourse In The Late Qing Dynasty

The late Qing dynasty China faces enormous social crisis and the great social change,"revolution" this ancient words start again become the focus of The Times,but in this period,"revolution" is often seen as "revolt rebellion",therefore,in terms of bourgeois revolutionaries,"revolution" discourse of the construction of legitimacy is imminent.The legitimacy of traditional "revolution" comes from the bestowing of "destiny",and "revolution" and "destiny" are inseparable.Under the influence of "destiny" and "orthodoxy",the act of "rebellion" to overthrow the current regime by force can be regarded as "revolution" and thus be recognized.Under the great changes of the late Qing dynasty,reformists and revolutionaries deconstructed and criticized the "mandate of heaven" and "orthodoxy" as obstacles to the revolution.On the one hand,this deconstruction plays a role in justifying its own "revolution";On the other hand,the "revolution" as a process and a means is separated from the "destiny" as a goal,which results in the disappearance of the basis of the legitimacy of the traditional "revolution" and blurs the boundary between it and "rebellion".Therefore,the legitimacy of "revolution" needs a new construction basis.At the same time,Liang qichao and other reformists,revolutionaries and anarchists began to shape the new connotation of "Revolution" under the influence of western Revolution and Japanese creative transformation of the word,and constructed the modern "Revolution" with different characteristics and the same orientation of change.Therefore,the legitimacy of "revolution" is essentially reconstructed on the new purpose of "revolution"--trend toward new and evolution.On the basis of the new purpose,the modern "revolution" and "rebellion" produced the fundamental difference in the "consciousness of change".The past forms of violence such as "rebellion" were regarded as the "destruction of the unconscious".Unlike the illusory notion of destiny,the new purpose of revolution can be tested.If the modern "revolution" cannot carry out the consciousness of change,dissimilate into the unconscious destruction of"rebellion" in practice,and cannot promote social progress,then the"revolution" is illegitimate,which is the "unconsciousness of the modern" revolution ".All the political factions have carried on the history and the reality to this question two levels,around the revolutionary motive and the consequence but launched the argument.In the debate,the political parties realized that who and how to carry out the revolution were the fundamental factors leading to the issue.On the premise of recognizing the importance of the people as the "main body of the revolution",each political faction believes that the danger of "unconsciousness" isfundamentally from the unconscious of the main body of the revolution.It is the consensus of all political parties to transform the subject of revolution and make it have the consciousness of reform.Liang qichao of the reformist school pursued "reform before revolution",the revolutionaries chose "reform while revolution",and the anarchist new century school "reform is revolution".These arguments and assumptions reflect the disputes between "rebellion" and "revolution" in modern times,and point to the maintenance of the legitimacy of "revolution" in modern times.