On Marx's Method Of Rising From The Abstract To The Concrete

With regard to the method of political economics research,Marx examined Hegel's method from the abstract to the concrete and the method of concrete and overall development of classical political economy.After the accumulation of works such as "Holy Family" and "Poverty of Philosophy",Marx formally put forward the correct method of political economics research in "Introduction to Criticism of Political Economics",which is the method of rising from the abstract to the concrete.In the study of political economy,the method of rising from the abstract to the concrete is essentially just a way of thinking to grasp concrete and treat it as a spiritual concrete reproduction.The "abstract" and "concrete" in this method represent the abstract category and concrete category in thinking.The "rising" process is based on the scientific abstract power as the main driving force,and the internal structure of the capitalist economic system as the objective basis.Volume 1 of "Das Capital" takes capital relations as the center,and explains the three manifestations of capital relations,namely the relationship between objects and objects,the relationship between objects and people,and Human relationship,according to the method of rising from the abstract to the concrete.In terms of the arrangement and narrative of categories,the relationship between objects and objects takes the value category as a clue,which is reflected in the process of transition from the two elements of commodities,namely value and use value categories,to the currency category,and then to the labor commodity category;the relationship between objects and people takes the labor category as a clue,which is reflected in the process of transition from the duality of labor,namely abstract labor and concrete labor category,to the category of necessary labor and surplus labor,and then to the category of labor value and surplus value;the relationship between people takes the category of capital as a clue,manifesting from the process of monetary capital to capital composition,then to capitalist reproduction and expansion reproduction,and finally to the relationship between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.In-depth study of the method of rising from the abstract to the concrete will not only help enrich and develop materialist dialectics,but also help to recognize and criticize the new changes in the capitalist society and improve the basic categories of the socialist political economy system.