A Study On Hufu Of Qin And Han Dynasties

The Hufu affair in the Qin and Han dynasties refers to a normalized military tax levied on a household basis and in equal amounts per household.Its generation and development are closely related to the household registration system and the military affiliation system.After the reform of the "Tianfu" in the Spring and Autumn Period,although the "household" is levied by households,it is not levied in equal amounts for each household.It wasn't until the second reform of Shang Yang that the land distribution system became a system in which every citizen had the same basic share of land according to household names,and each household's equal contribution was finally produced.The household affiliation in Qin and early Han dynasties is the result of the continuous development and integration of the "census register-burgage-tax" structure.In fact,Hufu have two expropriation forms of,there are Huqian and Huchu,and there is no so-called parallel relationship between Huchu and Huqian.In the Qin Dynasty,there were four types of Hufu's expropriation,money,cloth,cocoon,and hay,but in the Han Dynasty only three kinds of Hufu's expropriation,money,hay,and straw.In the Qin Dynasty,"money" was metal currency,"cloth" was a kind of physical currency,and "cocoon" should have certain economic attributes.In the Han Dynasty,only money was levied on Huqian.This change reflects the change in the type of money complicated to simple,and finally gradually unified to metal currencies.In addition,there are no currently evidence to prove that "Silk" was one of the expropriation items of Hufu in Qin and Han dynasties.Through the analysis of historical data,the objects of Hufu expropriation range from the Taishuzhang's household to Sikou and Yiguan's household.The change of the land distribution system since the Shangyang reform led to the instability of "burgage " in the "census register-burgage-tax" structure.The Emperor Wen canceled the "xian min ming tian"(the contry would not protect pepole's burgage)and Chao Cuo's suggestion "ru su bai jue"(people paid grains to gain the rank of title),which caused the " burgage " to completely collapse,breaking the "census register-burgage-tax" structure,causing household affiliation to disappear.