A Research On The Ninth Banchan’s Exitance And Return To Tibet (1923-1937)

in late 1923,the ninth panchen lama secretly escaped from Tibet.This is the hope for people to solve the Tibet issue.Chinese major newspapers continuously reported the trace of the ninth panchen lama.The sichuan and Tibetan’s gentry and businessmen who live in Beijing and the members of parliament from Tibet have begun a heated discussion about Tibet.They collectively made suggestions to the State Council.The beiyang government welcomed the ninth panchen lama to live in yingtai and treated him very well.Later,the ninth panchen went to many places.The cost of the reception is a sign that local governments attach great importance to Panchen,reflecting the government’s attention to the ninth Panchen and Tibet issues.The public is very concerned about the panchen’s expenses in different places.Panchen’s expenditure caused a lot of controversy.For example,Kang Youwei,who representes the nobles of the late Qing Dynasty,hoped to restore “the preferential treatment Ordinance ”.Yu Longhua,who represents businessmen in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province,thinks the government has given Panchen excessive preferential treatment.This is neither conducive to uniting the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama,nor to solving the Tibet problem.Yishi daily,which represents radical newspapers,believes that hosting Panchen has brought financial difficulties to the government。Monks and police in Beijing complain about the government’s arrears in their wages.They criticized the panchen lama for going to Beijing.The plan of the ninth panchen lama to go to kulun was a difficult problem for the beiyang government.Cao Kun and Duan Qirui tried their best to prevent the ninth panchen lama from going to kulun.The public was also concerned that the 9th panchen lama’s visit to cullen would affect negotiations between the beiyang government and the Soviet union over the abolition of outer Mongolia’s independence.When the ninth panchen lama arrived in Inner Mongolia,local monks and ordinary people who believed in Tibetan Buddhism went to worship panchen and contributed a lot of money to the panchen lama.In order to strengthen their rule in Inner Mongolia,Zuolin Zhang,Xueliang Zhang and the Nanjing nationalist government supported the ninth panchen lama to contact with the Mongol maharaja and publicize religion and policy in Inner Mongolia for eight years.The nanjing nationalist government not only set up the Mongolian and Tibetan committees,but also designated ten specific measures for the settlement of the Tibetissue,which are the fundamental principles for the settlement of the Tibet issue.In accordance with the fundamental policy,the national government formulated the measures for hosting the panchen lama.The government regards The Panchen lama’s return to Tibet as an opportunity to solve The Shelved Tibet problem.After 1928,the public began to pay attention to the ninth panchen lama’s return to Tibet,which attracted the attention of the government.Under the influence of the unification war,the kang-tibet war,the qinghai-tibet war and the Anti-Japanese War,it was not until1935 that the ninth panchen lama returned to Tibet officially entered the preparatory stage.Although the return of the panchen lama to Tibet was an internal issue of China,the British government used the illegal Simla treaty to obstruct the return of the panchen lama to Tibet and instigated the local government of Tibet to fight against the nanjing national government.This led to the failure of the panchen lama to return to Tibet.In December 1937,the ninth panchen lama died in yushu.Almost all the important activities of the ninth panchen lama,such as escape from Tibet,inland activities,going to Mongolia and returning to Tibet,were reported in the newspapers at that time.By analyzing a large number of historical materials in newspapers and reading archives,from the perspective of social and cultural history,We can see that Chinese government,social groups and government officials have a richer and more three-dimensional response to the Tibet issue,from 1923 to 1937.All this makes the image of the ninth panchen lama’s love for China and religion more vivid and full.