Study Of Qi Characters In Historical Records

Sima Qian’s Historical Records is a model of ancient Chinese biographical literature,and has shaped many of the most popular historical figures.This article takes the Qi characters in Historical Records as the research object.Prior to this,the study of the historical figures in Historical Records was mostly from the perspective of gender and occupation,and less from the regional perspective.Historical Records character case studies involving Qi characters have a large number of research papers,most of which focus on one or two Qi characters historical facts research or image analysis,lacking a comprehensive perspective.Based on the research results of previous generations,this paper conducts statistics and classification research on Qi people in Historical Records in an attempt to analyze Sima Qian’s portrayal and consideration of Qi people written by him.The work done in Chapters 1 and 2 of the dissertation is basic macro research.The first chapter statistically classifies the historical changes and territorial changes,the number of Qi people,and the judgment and description methods of Qi people’s place of origin in Historical Records.The history of Qi people is divided into three historical periods for overall observation.The second chapter focuses on the characteristics of Qi people.Sima Qian has already discussed the different geographical environment,folk customs,and group character of each cultural area formed in the feudal period of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the Historical Records.This discussion shows that he is aware of the differences in the personality of people in different cultural regions.In the specific writing of Qi people,Sima Qian also intentionally highlighted this point.In the past,many researchers have been confused by the strange tendency of Sima Qian’s biographical writing.If he understands from the perspective of Sima Qian’s group character’s attention and shaping,it can provide new ideas to solve this problem.This article believes that Sima Qian focuses on the following three main points: First,the emphasis on wisdom and merits,which performs in the social atmosphere is the emphasis on talents,that is,respect for virtue and honor;on the personal level,it admires wisdom and positive Aggressive.The second is to attach great importance to contingency,that is,Qi people generally tend to be mellow and flexible,and few people are stubborn.The third is the tendency to be open and pragmatic.Qi country is near the ocean,the industry and commerce are developed,and the political democracy is strong.Qi people’s personality is also affected by this enlightened and free atmosphere,showing the characteristics of inclusiveness and inclusiveness.The third chapter of the thesis selects two groups of Qi people in Historical Records for comparative research,compares the choices and behaviors of Qi people facing similar situations,exploring Sima Qian’s special intention in writing these characters.Because there are many contents,it is divided into two parts.In the first half,take Guan Zhong,Yan Ying,and Lu Zhonglian,the prince of mengchang as examples.For example,Sima Qian put Guan Zhong and Yan Ying as the main characters in the same biography.They are both outstanding politicians of Qi country,who are known throughout the Spring and Autumn Period.It’s support of Guan Zhong that help his feudatory seek hegemony,Yan Ying has been persuading the monarch,hoping that the monarch will become a wise feudatory,and Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya’s friendship has been extolled.Yan Ying is upright,recommending talented people.The former is extravagant,the latter is simple.The former achieves hegemonic results,the latter causes the country to decline.Both men are representatives of aristocratic politicians during the Spring and Autumn Period.Compared with the detailed description in "Zuo Zhuan",the description of the Spring and Autumn Period in historical records are simpler.At the same time,there are new additions and rewrites in the writing materials.This reflects the differences between the writing style and writing purpose of the two books,and it is particularly noticeable that Sima Qian’s attention to anecdotes.Unlike Guan Zhong and Yan Ying,who was an eternal sage,Later generations’ evaluation of Meng Changjun and Lu Zhonglian,the former is derogatory and the latter is praise.Compared with the Zhan Guo Ce,which also recorded the deeds of the two,the historical records are more reasonable and more convenient to shape the characters.Tian Wen and Lu Zhonglian have a background and status of one respect,one humble,one expensive,and one poor,but in the ideological realm,the former is selfish and the latter is selfless;the former is selfish and the latter regards money as dung.The techniques and chapter structure used by Sima Qian in the biographies of the two are complex and simple,with sharp contrasts;between the lines,there is a very different emotional tendency towards the two.The second half of the third chapter taking the biographies of four military strategists and four officials as an example,that the latter served in the central government of the Han Dynasty,this article analyzes the emotional attitude and the characteristics of human history writing in Historical Records.Sima Qian’s biographyfor the four pre-Qin military princes Tian Rangju,Sun Wu,Sun Bin,and Tian Dan reflects the development of military science of Qi country.In Tian Rangju and Sun Wu’s biography,the military discipline is emphasized,and in Sun Bin and Tian Dan’s biographies,the two’s ingenious strategies are highlighted.The methods of the four-man training exercise reflected the change in military thinking from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period."Biography of Liu Jing and Sunsun Tong" and "Biography of Master Pingjinhou and Zhufu Yan" are two co-biographies of Sima Qian as politicians of Qi territory who served in the central government during the reign of Emperor Gaozu and Emperor Wudi.These four people represent the Qi people in the early and middle period of the Western Han Dynasty.By comparing the two biographies,we can see the development and changes of policies in various aspects of the internal and foreign affairs of the Western Han Dynasty,the differences in political ecology between Han Gaozu and Emperor Han Wudi,Sima Qian’s criticism of the "fraudulent" side.Compared to Han Book,Sima Qian’s writing strokes are sharper and more affectionate.Finally,through the quantitative,qualitative and diachronic analysis of the Qi people in the Historical Records in the above chapters,we explored Sima Qian’s choice of writing materials,layout and descriptive methods,and derogatory attitudes.Through comparison with other texts,this paper examines the historical record’s attention to the addition and deletion of previous historical materials,the focus of human writing,and the quality of human heart.Reading deeper and deeper,we will find that in Historical Records,Sima Qian enthusiastically praised the historical figures in his pen for its advantages,unrelentingly exposed its shortcomings,and compassionate sympathy for his failure or persecution.