| This paper takes the establishment and transformation of the traditional military system of the Ottoman empire as the main clue,focusing on the relationship between the military reform of the Ottoman empire and the modernization of the Ottoman empire since the end of the 17 th century.The author believes that the military system has exerted a profound influence on the overall political structure of the Ottoman empire from the time when the Ottoman empire was transformed from a nomadic tribe into a state by the Ottoman I.From the beginning of the 17 th century,the Ottoman empire,compared to the internal environment and external environment of the golden age of Suleiman rule,profound changes have taken place in both the external from the Habsburg’s personal union and military threat is growing in czarist Russia,inside the empire,with Sultan as the core in the traditional administrative system gradually began to look at the center of the imperial power from Sultan to bureaucrats,contact forces between the Sultan is broken gradually,be excluded from the outside of the traditional model of political power class Muslim peers have begun to seek military and political power.The Ottoman empire duly reformed its military system,which since the beginning of the 17 th century had adjusted the composition of its army to suit its needs,reducing the backward sipahi cavalry and expanding the standing army of infantry.As a result of this transformation,Muslims began to pour into janissary regiments.In the social area of empire,a general social transformation was initiated by military reform.Janissary soldiers gradually turned into citizens of Istanbul,and the power of the imperial high level was transferred from the traditional military class to the civilian officials.In the modernization process,the military reform of the Ottoman empire was not only the inducement of the modernization of the Ottoman empire but also the main form of the early modernization reform of the Ottoman empire.Since the 18 th century,the Ottoman empire has always insisted on the establishment of a new army of western european-style as the goal,constantly pushing forward the military reform.Finally,during the reign of Mahmud II,the sultan swept away the conservative forces represented by janissary who opposed imperial military reform in "auspicious events",making military reform possible.But the emphasis on modernizing the Ottoman empire should not be accompanied by a disregard for the rights of the janissary and the civil classes they represented.The resistance of the soldiers to Sultan’s military reforms is due to the violation of their rights in the process,not to the traditional view of military corruption. |
