The Study On Preschool Anxiety

Anxiety is one kind of negative emotion.Although researches suggest that moderate anxiety is helpful for young child to deal with various situations,long-term high-intensity anxiety will be harmful to physical and mental health,such as the development of cognitive and social abilities.Researches show that different types of anxiety have specific and lasting effects on young children.In addition,there may be interactive effect among these influences.Therefore,it is important to scientifically evaluate young children's anxiety level and know their relative position in the group.On the one hand,it can help to comprehend young children's anxiety scientifically.On the other hand,it can also provide suggestions for early family education and help young children with high anxiety to relieve it.The aims of the study were as follows.Firstly,this study was to revise the Revised Preschool Children's Anxiety Scale into Chinese versions,and test the reliability and validity among Chinese mothers.Secondly,this study was to explore the feature of young children.Thirdly,this study was to establish the norm of anxiety level of young children in Area C of A city,and put forward suggestions for parents to relieve young children's anxiety.This study adopt questionnaire survey method and used convenience sampling 2253 mothers of young children in A area of C city to fill in the Revised Preschool Children's Anxiety Scale.The data was used to carry out item analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis,feature of young children anxiety was also carried out,and the percentile norm was established with the data too.Another 136 mothers of young children were selected to fill in the Revised Preschool Children's Anxiety Scale and Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale-30 at the same time to analyze the convergent validity and criterion-related validityThe study used the same sample?n=1127?for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis.Four factors including Social Anxiety,Specific Anxiety,Separation Anxiety and Generalized Anxiety were extracted,with a total of 17 items,which accounted for 51.040% of the total variance.The factor load of each item was greater than 0.500.The confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with another sample?n=1126?.The main fitting indexes were?²= 606.271,df=113,GFI=0.939,CFI=0.886,TLI=0.826,RMR=0.500,andRMSEA=0.062.The results of the secondly survey?n=136?also showed that the Chinese version of the Child Anxiety Scale has good convergent validity and criterion-related validity.In terms of reliability,?coefficients of the three sample total tables is 0.828,0.824 and 0.805 respectively,Young children's anxiety scores showed the following features.1.The frequency distribution of Social Anxiety,Specific Anxiety,Separation Anxiety,General Anxiety and overall anxiety scores are all positive skewness.Scores are mostly concentrated in low segments,showing floor effect.2.The age difference and gender difference of children's anxiety score show different situations.?1?There was no significant gender and age difference in children's Social Anxiety scores,and the interaction effect between the two was not significant.?2?There was no significant age difference in Specific Anxiety score,but there was significant gender difference.The Specific Anxiety score of boys was significantly lower than that of girls?5.743±3.577 vs 6.415±3.652,t=-4.413,p<0.001?.?3?There was significant age difference in the Separation Anxiety score.The Separation Anxiety of 3-year-old children was significantly higher than that of 6-year-old children(4.620±2.674 vs 4.002±2.624,F_?3,2249?=4.737,p<0.01).The Separation Anxiety score of 4-year-old children was significantly higher than that of 6-year-old children?4.520±2.825 vs 4.002±2.624,F=4.737,p<0.01?,and there was no significant gender difference in the Separation Anxiety score.?4?The age and gender differences of Generalized Anxiety scores were both not significant,while it had interactive effects between the age and gender.Simple effect analysis showed that boys' scores was significantly higher than girls'?4.197±2.536 vs 3.793±2.295,t=2.160,p<0.05?.?5?There was no significant gender and age difference in overall scores,and the interaction effect between the two was not significant.3.Among the four types of anxiety,Specific Anxiety score is the highest,Separation Anxiety score secondly,and there was no significant difference between Social Anxiety and Generalized Anxiety(1.517±0.907,1.081±0.692,1.011±0.714,1.009±0.594,F_?3,6747?=332.363,p<0.05).Among 3-year-old young children,Specific Anxiety score is the highest,and then Separation Anxiety and Social Anxiety,and Generalized Anxiety score is lowest.While,there was no significant difference between Separation Anxiety and Social Anxiety.The results among 4-year-old and 5-year-old young children are consistent with that of whole children.Among 6-year-old young children,the Specific Anxiety is significantly higher than other types of anxiety,and there was no significant difference among Generalized Anxiety,Social Anxiety and Separation Anxiety.Taking the 95 th percentile as the line,parents of young children whose anxiety scores exceed 95% in the corresponding groups should pay attention to young children's anxiety and take measure.According to the survey results of 2253 mothers of young children,the study established percentile norm of Social Anxiety,Specific Anxiety,Separation Anxiety,Generalized Anxiety and overall anxiety at all ages?3,4,5 and 6 years old?and gender.The scores were explained by the percentile norm.