Marx’s Critical Study On Bruno Powell’s Philosophy Of Self-consciousness

From the beginning of German classical philosophy,self-consciousness as the subject was established and developed to the extreme in Hegel.Hegel regards self-consciousness as a starting point of his whole philosophy system,which is widely extended.As a young Hegelian school produced in the process of Hegel School’s split,affected by Hegel’s self-consciousness,the philosophy of self-consciousness represented by Bruno Powell(hereinafter referred to as Powell)has become the core of the whole young Hegelian thought,carrying out all critical activities.As a mentor and friend of Marx,Powell’s philosophy of self-consciousness had a great influence in the early stage of the development of Marx’s thought.However,with Marx’s attention to real life,Marx realized that Powell’s thought was inadequate in emphasizing theoretical criticism and neglecting realistic political struggle,and decided to argue with it.Before the open debate between Marx and Powell,Marx’s evaluation of Powell experienced a constantly changing process: from affirmation to indirect accusation,and then to rupture.After the break,Marx criticized Powell’s philosophy of self-consciousness in the treatise on Jewish issues,the manuscript of economic philosophy in 1844(hereinafter referred to as the manuscript),the sacred family and the German Ideology(hereinafter referred to as the form)."Jewish problem" is a fuse,Marx launched the first debate with Powell.Marx criticized Powell’s strategy to solve the Jewish problem by eliminating religious opposition from the secular perspective and the German reality.In the manuscript,Marx criticizes Powell as an "empirical critic" and takes a pragmatic attitude towards Hegel’s philosophy for the sake of his "purity" of criticism.Marx also criticizes Powell’s philosophy of self-consciousness by criticizing Hegel’s philosophy.In the sacred family,Marx criticized Powell’s speculative idealistic philosophy and heroic view of history from the materialistic standpoint.Finally,in form,Marx criticizes Powell’s abstract man on the premise of "realistic man",and draws a clear line with Powell on the basic issues of historical view.In fact,Powell’s explanation of historical process revolves within the scope of self-consciousness,which Marx thinks is arootless criticism.Therefore,Marx’s criticism of Powell’s philosophy of self-consciousness is of great significance.First of all,Marx realized the turn of philosophy thought,and the scientific historical materialism was finally formed;second,the development of humanism throughout the development of Marxist philosophy;finally,through the criticism of young Hegelian members,the complete liquidation of early philosophy belief was completed.