Muran Hunting And Mongolian Banner Service In Qing Dynasty

Mulan Weiban system was a special form of the annual system in which Mongolian princes met the emperors in the Qing dynasty.The word "mulan" derives from manchu,which means "whistle like deer" in Chinese.The Qing emperors’ whistling and hunting at the mulan exclosure in autumn were known as "mulan hunting"."Rehe mulan hunting",the full name of Mulan hunting.Mulan enclosure was centered by the "mountain resort" where the Qing emperors spent their summers,and bordered innner Zhasag Mongolian Zhaowud League,Josut League and the nomadic chahar Mongol banners.The present weichang county in hebei province was established on the basis of the mulan enclosure of that time.The emergence of the Weiban system(Mulan Weiban system)had direct relationship with the military action in the early Qing dynasty and the emperor’s tour to the north.After the the Qing rulers’ entering the central plains,they never forgot the merits of the Mongol princes’ "obey the dragon and enter Shanhaiguan",so the emperors went out on their way in order to further consolidate the political alliance between them.They implemented the Mulan Weiban system,making it another important way to support and subdue Mongolia.Ongnuut right wing banner(also known as Ongnuut king banner)is one of the eleven zhasag banners of Zhaowud inner zhasag Mongolian banners in Qing dynasty,and one of the thirteen Mongolian banners in which the Qing dynasty carried out emperor’s son-in-law system.During the kangxi period,the Mongol princes of Harqin and Ongnuut gave part of their lands to the Qing royal family,from which Mulan enclosure was formally established.Since the Ongnuut right banner was adjacent to the Mulan farm,the people had to bear all kinds of forced work related to the Mulan hunting carried out by the emperor in the years from Kangxi to Qianlong,and this forced work became another kind of heavy mandatory corvee for the people there.According to Chifeng city archives collection in Qing dynasty Ongnuut right wing banner’s Mongolian archives,referring in the Qing dynasty Harqin right banner’s Mongolian archives in Inner Mongolia archives and related historical materials,such as in Qing shi Lu.This paper mainly analyzes the part of land that Ongnuut right banner’s princes dedicated to Qing royal family thus became one part of Mulan enclosure,"mulan Weiban system" ’s formation of the historical background and rise and fall from Kangxi to Jiaqing period,inner and outer Zhasag who took part in Mulan Weiban and the Monglian banners that undertook labor,especially the contents,types and specific conditions of labor in Qing dynasty Ongnuut right banner,and the author put forward his own views.This paper consists of introduction,body,conclusion and references,with 40,000 words or so.The introduction part mainly deals with the purpose and significance of the topic selection,the relevant research situation home and abroad,the main documents and historical materials used,the research methods and innovations,etc.The first part discusses the Mulan hunting and the formation of "Mulan Weiban system" in Qing dynasty.The second part discusses the rise and fall of Mulan hunting system in Qing dynasty and its causes.The third part of the paper discusses the types and labor condition of Ongnuut right banner Mulan enclosure.