The Study Of The Development And Enlightenment Of Engels’ Letters In His Later Years On Historical Materialism

After Marx’s death,as the founders of Marxism,Engels shouldered the heavy burden of interpreting and developing Marxist theory in the new era.As one of the important theoretical discoveries in Marx’s life,historical materialism has become the target of anti-Marxists.In his later years,Engels,in the face of the new changes in the capitalist world and the criticism of bourgeois scholars on historical materialism,in his correspondence with many people,he further clarified the basic principles of historical materialism and enriched the connotation of historical materialism.First of all,he demonstrated the relative independence of the superstructure and its reaction to the economic foundation on the basis of adhering to economic necessity,and clarified the relationship with erroneous ideological trends such as "economic determinism";Secondly,he expounded the promoting role of the "unity of will" in the historical development from the perspective of human subjectivity,fully confirming that the "realistic man" in the historical materialism is the starting point of all studies by Marx and Engels,and social history is also The masses of people created in the practice of transforming society;Thirdly,Engels made important additions and improvements to the issue of the historical development being the organic unification of inevitability and accidentalness,enriched the scientific connotation of this law,and deeply analyzed the dialectical relationship and greatness of the law on the economic basis and superstructure Performance in the relationship between historical figures and the people;Finally,Engels also emphasized the need to treat Marxism with a scientific research attitude,in practice should adhere to the unity of dialectical materialism and historical materialism,and regard human society as a The organic whole comprehensively examines the specific links between the internal elements.It can be seen that the historical materialism was gradually improved from Marx and Engels in the mid-nineteenth century,to Engels’ s deepening and enriching of his principles in his later years,and then to guiding the proletarian revolution and socialist construction in various regions as a guide for action.The course of development has achieved its scientific unification in practice and theory.Today,the development of Marxism has entered a new historical stage,and a profound understanding of Engels ’later years’ letters on the historical materialism can not only clarify various untrue criticisms of Marxism in academia,but also effectively promote Marxist China for us.To transform and construct a Marxist discourse system with Chinese characteristics provides the theoretical basis and path choice.On the road to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,the major changes in the major social contradictions in our country today fully revealed the imbalances and inadequacies in the current development process.Engels’ s postscript on the general law of human social development in his later years still has rich theoretical value and practical significance for us to scientifically analyze the social conditions of China in the context of the new era and focus on solving various emerging problems.