The Study Of Characters On The Inscriptionsof The Pyramid Of Unas

The hieroglypics is the oldest form of ancient Egyptian characters.Domestic scholars often call this characters "Egyptian hieroglyphs" because the characters used are drawings.But these characters on the surface look like pictures,in fact,they do not all represent the things they depict,but have a variety of functions,such as phonogram,ideogram,determinative,phonetic complement,and so on.The inscription of the pyramid of Unas is the earliest written document of ancient Egypt found so far.It records the language of old ancient Egypt and uses the hieroglyphic writing.Because the inscription on the pyramid of Unas is in the early stage of ancient Egyptian writing,the writing is developing to the mature stage and has abundant characteristics,so it is one of the best reference objects for studying ancient Egyptian characters.Scholars' researches on hieroglyphs are mainly concentrated in the Middle Egyptian.The paper takes the pyramid texts of the Unas as the research object,interprets the content of the texts,summarizes the different functional usages of the inscription character,studies the shape and combination of the inscription character,and then attempts to summarize the use and characteristics of early ancient Egyptian languages and characters.The first chapter is the introduction.It introduces the related concepts involved in this paper,such as ancient Egyptian language,ancient Egyptian characters,ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing,documents of hieroglyph and so on.summarizing the meaning of the topic and research purpose,research methods,hieroglyphic writing and literature document overview,related research review.Judging from the current status of research,the research on the inscriptions of the Unas pyramid in the academic circle is mostly reflected in translation,document content,and religious rituals,and there are many achievements,but the research on the text is relatively fragmented.There has notbeen a systematic study on the character rules and phenomena of pyramid inscriptions.It needs to be improved.The second chapter is the interpretation of the inscription.The pyramid of unas is composed of a large number of fairy tales,prayers,funeral spells and carols,which record the religious thoughts and kingship thoughts of that period.Because the style,characteristics,and purpose of the literature have some influence on the writing and function of the text,the paper selects several inscriptions that are more characteristic in terms of content and form.Interpretation of the word,Chinese translation,and annotations to help understand the literature document and research the language.The third chapter is a summary of the function of the inscription characters.Including the ideographic function of the determinatives,the tendency of the determinatives to change from ideographic to phonetic.It analyzes the special usage of phonograms in the inscription,the function of the phonetic complement to distinguish the meanings.It discusses the ideographic and phonological functions of the“ ”character group.The fourth chapter describes the shape and combination of inscription characters.The first part is to study the character shape or form.First analyze the character's posture,such as the shape features,configuration mode,and ideographic effect of the shape direction.Secondly,it analyzes the influence of literature characteristics on character form,for example,the influence of religious and ritualistic characteristics on glyphs.Finally,try to discuss the configuration reason of some characters from the aspects of literature document,character configuration system and painting features.The second part is to describe the groups of characters.First,according to whether the unit of the character combination is a word or a few words,it is divided into composite hieroglyphs and character groups.If it is a composite hieroglyph,then paper discusses the function,internal structure,and characteristics,and the relationship between the composite hieroglyphs with the character groups.If it is a character groups,then paper lists the forms,arrangement,word order,and features.The conclusion part concludes the full paper.The appendix compiles a dictionary of excerpts from the inscriptions on the pyramids of Unas,as well as a list of composite hieroglyphs.