Research On Heilongjiang Chamber Of Commerce In The Early Period Of The Republic Of China(1912-1931)

The chamber of commerce plays a very important role in the modernization of China.The chamber of commerce in the modern sense is one of the by-products of Western powers invading China.The Chamber of Commerce,as a new social organization of businessmen,has effectively promoted the development of all parts of the country in its nearly half century.Heilongjiang is the northernmost point in China's administrative region,and it has been a sparsely populated place since ancient times.Coupled with the Qing government's ban policy,it led to the late development of the Northeast region.However,since the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,the Qing government 's land reclamation and immigration real-estate policies have been carried out simultaneously,which has objectively attracted a large number of people in the customs to flow into the Northeast.Heilongjiang's rich resources and fertile land have naturally become the first choice for immigrants.After the immigrants entered,Heilongjiang land was developed in large quantities,and the increase in crop output promoted the circulation of commodities,which in turn promoted the development of Heilongjiang's industry and commerce.These have become the basis for the establishment of the Heilongjiang Chamber of Commerce.Since the modern times,under the impact of the "commercial war" environment,the Qing government established the Ministry of Commerce and promulgated Article 26 of the Concise Charter of the Chamber of Commerce,requiring all parts of the country to prepare for the establishment of the chamber of Commerce,and the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce,which enjoyed the title of "the first chamber of Commerce in China",was set up as a model of the chamber of Commerce in China.In 1906,the Heilongjiang Chamber of Commerce was established under this background.First,the original business organization was reorganized in Qiqihar,the provincial capital,and the Commerce Association was established.Since then,various chambers of commerce in Heilongjiang have been established.The establishment of the chamber of commerce opened a new and important stage for Heilongjiang.Compared with traditional commercial organizations,the chamber of commerce broke the boundaries of hometown and made businessmen a unified whole.The establishment of the chamber of commerce has its standardized organizational principles and management system,which all follow the orderly operation of its internal regulations.In modern times,the Heilongjiang region always faced some economic and social crises.In various crises,the chamber of commerce as a merchant organization showed a strong sense of social responsibility.Economically,chambers of commerce often adopt measures such as investigating business conditions,reducing donations,and rectifying money.Social aspects mainly include relief of the victims,repairing bridges and roads,setting up schools and setting up business groups,etc.,effectively maintaining social order.Although the Heilongjiang Chamber of Commerce follows the historical mission of "passing down the sentiment and sending down the sentiment" just like the local chambers of commerce,it has formed its own characteristics in its development.It focuses on the development of frontier commerce and has a certain frontier nature.The immigrant population is the main component of the Heilongjiang Chamber of Commerce,so immigration is another feature of the region.The Heilongjiang Chamber of Commerce as a new bourgeois merchant group,has made obvious achievements in promoting the development of local industry and commerce,enhancing the social status of businessmen,and promoting the modernization of Heilongjiang in its historical period.