On Marx’s Turn To Theory Of Practice From Object Hegel’s Speculative Philosophy

According to Hegel,the "impotent view of reason" of German philosophy prevailed at that time,and the development mode of this "spiritual" deficit ran counter to the spiritual pursuit of the real world.Philosophy is supposed to use reason to understand and grasp the content of things,that is,"philosophy can be defined as an examination of the thinking of things",the appearance of things to study,based on the position of intellectual thinking to grasp the limited to the infinite.In his critique of the object of intellectual metaphysics,Hegel raised the object of metaphysics from the intellectual standpoint to the rational speculative standpoint,and established his speculative philosophy whose object is absolute and infinite,and whose content is absolute idea.The absolute idea is externalized into God,spirit and freedom.On this basis,Hegel established the positive and negative construction system of idea,nature and spirit.Marxism critically inherited the "constructionism" of Hegel’s speculative philosophy,pulled reality from the world of ideas back to the human reality of material production activities,and completed the practical turn to the object of Hegel’s speculative philosophy.Marx believed that the real reality is the material production activity of human reality.To return philosophy to the "real home",we must aim the philosophical object at the reality.To turn the object of Hegel’s speculative philosophy,we must first break the illusory foundation of Hegel’s speculative object-"idea" and turn it from idea to human’s practical nature.Secondly,the positive and negative spirit movement of idea transfer in nature and human society turns to the social production mode movement,that is,the contradictory movement of productivity and production relations.Finally,the self realization of absolute idea turns to the reality liberation of human beings.Marx criticizes the abstract and impersonal nature of Hegel’s speculative philosophical object,and on this basis,establishes the Marxist speculative philosophical object with realistic materialism and social practice,that is,the production practice of human society,the practical nature of human beings and the realistic liberation of human beings.The transformation of the object of Marx’s speculative philosophy has opened the practical road of philosophy’s realization,and the function of philosophy has changed fromexplaining the world to changing the world.The practical turn of the object of Marx’s speculative philosophy adds a new perspective to the study of Marx’s transformation of Hegel’s philosophy,and creates a new dimension for the study of contemporary Chinese metaphysical theory construction.