Politic And Academics:Michurinism In China(1940-1966)

Academic is often associated with politic,and also influenced by scholars and society.In the Chinese bioscience community,the entry of Michurinism is not only an academic issue,but also a typical case of the politicization of academic issues.After the Michurinism entered China,it respected by the agricultural and forestry cadres in the liberated areas because of its Soviet background,materialism,practical color and other characteristics,contested with the Mendel Theory that entered China in the Republican period,and finally the Michurinism gained the "Orthodox" status with the intervention of politic power,which got into the heyday development,after that Michurinism declined gradually under the influence of various factors such as political change,academic adherence,international situation and so on.This paper investigates the history of Michurinism in China in 1940 to 1966,and then explores the relationship between academic and political,different choices made by scholars in the tension between academia and politic,knowledge man's adherence to academic position.Michurinism was introduced into China by the Soviet Union,initially the audience was small and slow to develop,then because of the strong practical color,propaganda of the agricultural and forestry cadres in the liberated areas,Michurinism entered the public view gradually.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,Michurinism developed rapidly because of it conformed to materialism and class struggle in the ideology of the Communist Party of China,colleges and universities carried out the study movement of the Michurinism actively.Under the leadership of Le Tianyu,Beijing Agricultural University became a pioneer in learning Michurinism,launched a shock to Mendel Theory at first.Li Jingjun,who adhered to the academic position and supported Mendel theory,left Hong Kong helpless,and with the fermentation of this events,the politic power intervened,and in criticizing the personal style of Le Tianyu,the Communist Party of China established the Michurinism as the correct development direction of biology.and laid the position of"one monopoly" in the Genetics of China and entered the heyday of development.In the face of the"political correctness" of Michurinism,biologists had the different choice between academic and political by themselves.Some scholars,such as Yu Xianjue,Tan Jiazhen,Gao Peizhi,proprietary or secret,always stuck to the academic position and learned latest developments in the international biology community,Michurinism in the universities did not really achieve"dominant".In the scholars' doubts and challenges,the irrationality and pseudoscience of Michurinism were gradually revealed,and under the influence of the development of international biological science and domestic policy,the Michurinism was gradually diminishing.With the "double hundred policy" put forward,under the correction of state power,the Chinese genetics community criticized the Michurinism in the academic debate,the status of Michurinism changed.But the Michurinism has picked up again in the anti-right movement.After the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations in the 1960s,Michurinism did not disappear in the Chinese genetics circle because of its Soviet background,but "used for me" in the academic adherence of scholars,coexisting with Mendel Theory,and jointly promoting the development of Chinese genetics,in sharp contrast to the situation of "one monopoly" in the Soviet scientific community at the same time.The change of the fate of Michurinism in China is closely related to political change and the choice of scholars.The scale of political intervention in academic,the choice in the academic tension of the scholar and the real knowledge man's adherence to the academic position,the complex relationship of the three profoundly affects the fate of the academic.