Study On The Political Control And Governing Of Qiongzhou During The Period Of Kangxi To Qianlong

During the Kangxi to Qianlong period,the Qing government adopted many measures,such as selecting and supplementing topics,strengthening military defense,combating piracy,and developing the imperial examinations,which were more detailed and targeted,bringing far-reaching significance to the historical development of Qiongzhou.However,the limitations of the feudal era made a number of strategic measures in play,but also produced certain disadvantages.During Qianlong,the government determined the three elements of miasma area of Qiongzhou supplement:origin,promotion,term of office,formed a pattern of mainly candidates from southern provinces,supplemented by personnel from northern provinces.The purpose of the great reform of Qianlong was to change the fear of officials for miasma,so that nobody dared to go.Although the miasma places were far south,they were important ring of the blockade line of Qiong island.Any loopholes might cause the collapse of a thousand-li dyke.If losing effective control of them,the national defense of Hainan was in danger.However,Qianlong did not follow the customization,miasma area officials' tenure was uncertain,or long or short,nor did they have proportioned.Official handover occurred in different periods of time,and miasma area still bearded the brand of exile in the minds of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty.Frequent replacement of local governors,neglecting of the construction of miasma areaofficials and reneging on frontier officials led to the deterioration of miasma areasocial situation in the late Qianlong period,which was the main drawback.On the occasion of Kangxi to Qianlong,Qiongzhou Navy was responsible for the coastal defense of the northern half of Qiongzhou,thus forming a relatively strict northern patrol system.However,the southern part of Qiongzhou stationed only the Yazhou semi-occupational division.In Kangxi to Qianlong Dynasty,the intention to focus on the north was clear.In addition,the military defensive Qiongzhou had the ties of neighboring neighbors,the slack of military discipline,and the shortage of military and military personnel,all of which seriously restricted the defense and combat capabilities of the Qiongzhou military.Because of Li people settled among them,"Li chaos" occurred at the time,so the Qing court only had a heavy force to prevent Li,to protect the Qiongzhou peace.The anti-sea and anti-Li coexistences made the Qiongzhou military defense system stretched.In the late Qianlong years,Ruan Guangping of Annan made profits by hiding and collecting Chinese pirates in order to achieve the goal of reunifying Annan,which made the Guangdong Sea uneasy and the pirates disturbed frequently.Before the seventh year of Jiaqing(1802),Qiongzhou was only a place for pirates to go back and forth,but it was not the target of piracy.After seventh year of Jiaqing(1802),the frequency of piracy in Qiongzhou increased.After the fourteenth year of Jiaqing(1809),Qiongzhou became the last support for the survival of the pirates led by Wushi Er,so that the pirates carried out crazy looting of Qiongzhou.From the end of Qianlong to Jiaqing,pirates were rampant for 20 years,Qiongzhou was inevitably captured by pirates.However,whether the banditry situation in Qiongzhou was serious or not always depended on external factors.Therefore,Qiongzhou only acted as an alternative role for pirates,and it was a subordinate product of Guangdong,Fujian and Zhejiang provinces.Children from Guangdong,who pretended as students of Qiongzhou,took the children's test in Qiongzhou,which had led to a sharp decline in the admission rate of Qiongzhou native students.The students of Qiongzhou nationality also had to compete with the students of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and Guangchao in Guangdong provinces in the rural and conference examinations.They were all at a disadvantage.In addition,if Qiongzhou students did not know the Mandarin,they lost the chance to take the imperial examinations.Cheating by native students in Guangdong had also caused serious injustice to students of Qiongzhou.In the twenty-first year of Qianlong(1756),poetry became a compulsory part of the imperial examinations and a watershed for the imperial examinations in Guangdong.When the imperial examinations in Guangdong were in a downturn,many uncertainties or contingencies intertwined.The situation promoted the revival of the imperial examinations in Qianlong from the beginning of the twentieth year of Qianlong(1755)to the beginning of Qianlong's the fiftieth year of Qianlong(1785).