The Interaction Relationship Between Bullying Victimization, Self-esteem And Depression Among Middle And Senior Students In Primary School:A Longitudinal Study

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the status and development peculiarities of bullying victimization,depression and self-esteem among middle and senior students in primary school,and to explore the possible causal relationship between bullying victimization,self-esteem and depression respectively.Methods: Five consecutive surveys in a one-year longitudinal was conducted among 342 third-grade and fifth-grade in primary school from Hunan Province by Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale(Student Volume)(DBVS-S),the Depressing Self-rating Scale(DSRSC)and the Self-Esteem Scale(SES).Results:(1)The results show that 63.46% of middle-grade students and 56.25% of senior students in primary school have been bullied.(2)Among the middle and senior students in primary school,the bullying victimization and depression scores declined along with the growth of age,and the self-esteem scores increased along with the growth of age.(3)Cross-lagged analysis showed that depression of T4 time in middle-grade students in primary school can significantly predict the bullying victimization of T5 time.In addition,among the senior students in primary school,cross-lagged analysis showed bullying victimization of T1 time can significantly predict depression of T2 time,depression of T2 time can significantly predict bullying victimization of T3 time,bullying victimization of T3 time can significantly predict depression of T4 time,and bullying victimization of T4 time can significantly predict depression of T5 time.(4)Among the middle-grade students in primary school,cross-lagged analysis showed that bullying victimization of T1 time can significantly predict self-esteem of T2 time,bullying victimization of T3 time can significantly predict self-esteem of T4 time,and self-esteem of T3 time can significantly predict bullying victimization of T4 time.In addition,among the senior students in primary school,cross-lagged analysis showed that bullying victimization of T1 time can significantly predict self-esteem of T2 time,bullying victimization of T2 time can significantly predict self-esteem of T3 time,bullying victimization of T3 time can significantly predict self-esteem of T4 time,and bullying victimization of T4 time can significantly predict self-esteem of T5 time.Conclusion: In the causal relationship between bullying victimization and depression,there are differences between in the different grades,the bullying victimization of senior students in primary school has a more obvious causality with depression.Depression in the late middle age is more likely to be a trigger for bullying victimization and can predict subsequent bullying victimization.In the causal relationship between bullying victimization and self-esteem,there is an interaction relationship between bullying victimization and self-esteem in middle-grade students,the senior group mainly showed the one-way predictive effect of bullying victimization on self-esteem,and the damage of self-esteem is more likely to be a response to the bullying victimization of senior students.