On "Political Tolerance" In The Spring And Autumn Period

According to the traditional concept,the Spring and Autumn period was a chaotic time with “the ritual collapse”,and the intensified political conflicts and political struggle were the main contents of the political life in the Spring and Autumn period.But from the point of literature,political life in the Spring and Autumn period,whether it was “forgiveness of plead guilty”,“enemy kindness or resentment,not for heir” or “the ritual and return” for prisoners of war and so on,all showed “political tolerance” in the Spring and Autumn society civilization.It was not only agreed by the rulers,but also was paid attention to by the thinker.For a long time,the academic circle often adopts specific perspectives on political tolerance,such as political science,ethics and sociology,each of which has its own rationality,but lacks research resulted from the perspective of history.This paper studies political tolerance from the perspective of history,taking political tolerance as the clue to explore the origin,development,social performance of political tolerance and the reasons for its outstanding performance in the Spring and Autumn period,in order to expand the understanding of political tolerance.Political tolerance shows political characteristics in political practice.Political tolerance is regarded as an important practice for a monarch or a politician to form the universal value criterion.This kind of practice is not without purpose,and the politicians practice political tolerance in the Spring and Autumn period of social life,to form a universal value criterion.The purpose of this rule is not just about their own interests,but also the interests of the whole society.Politicians for the practice of such political expression,feel more of a sense of social responsibilities.They have every reason to,and will be able to conduct a penalty to be tolerant,but many factors cause them to be tolerant of pardon and forgive.One of the most important reason is that the behavioral agent who implement political tolerance have the consciousness to maintain the rule of social civilization.It is this kind of psychology that makes the Spring and Autumn period and the society different from previous barbaric and brutal society.It is no longer a law of the jungle or an irrational savage culture,but a society with a certain social civilization quality.Political tolerance shows moral characteristics in political ethics.Political tolerance is regarded as the moral code of social life in the Spring and Autumn period.Although the pursuit of interests is paramount and eternal in political relations,our understanding always puts values and interests inopposition.In fact,the value itself is also an important part of interests.Even in point of view in the Spring and Autumn period,value and moral spirit are not only related to their own interests,but also the interests of the whole society.In order to safeguard the interests of the society and the country as a whole,they are at the expense of the ego to maintain national or social benefit,and this is their adherence to the value of the criterion.Therefore,the Duke Wen of Jin would forgive uncle jen,and King Zhuang of Chu would release XieYang.This shows that during the Spring and Autumn period,a moral code played an important role,and people in this era were still concerned about the overall interests of the society,and maintained a spirit of value supremacy.Political tolerance shows ideological characteristics in political thought.Political tolerance,as an important thought that influenced the behavior of kings,politicians or thinkers in the Spring and Autumn period,had an important influence on the formation of the tolerant atmosphere of the whole society in the Spring and Autumn period.Zi Chan's judicial standard of tolerance and hardness,the Confucian tolerance,pardon and forgiveness,as well as comprehension and tao of Taoism are directly or indirectly from the spirit of the kernel of political tolerance.The political thought during the Spring and Autumn period influenced the governing thought of politicians and thinkers a lot,and it is under such political thought the society produced a lot of political tolerance event in the Spring and Autumn period.