| Purpose: In modern society,we receive all kinds of information every day,some of which we can get through other people’s actions or motion,such as judging their intentions from other people’s eyes,or predicting prey by the direction of predators’ running.These action and motion are actually Biological Motion what first proposed by Johansson in 1973.It refers to the whole motion of organisms in a certain space,such as walking,running,flying and so on.Compared with the general object motion,biological motion is less affected by the environment,easy to observe,and has a strong social nature.Therefore,the recognition of biological motion can promote people to accurately and quickly judge and understand other people’s action intentions.In addition,the recognition and processing of biological motion by visual system belongs to a special integrated processing.In recent years,more and more researchers have focused on the recognition and understanding of biological motion.However,the recognition of biological movement cannot be equated with consciousness.Consciousness is one of the important characteristics of human psychology.Because human visual system accounts for the largest proportion in the brain,the related research of visual consciousness has always been the focus of consciousness research,and one of the important research is how visual consciousness comes into being.The relationship between visual awareness and attention has always been regarded as the key point to solve this problem.Over the years,researchers have come up with two general views.On the one hand,people have long believed that the generation of visual awareness needs attention;on the other hand,recent studies have proved that attention and visual awareness are independent of each other.In addition,many studies based on the neurological level have proved that there is an independent neuroprocessing mechanism between the visual awareness and attention.Therefore,more and more researchers believe that visual awareness and attention are independent,and researchers mostly use ordinary object motion as stimulus material.At present,the research on visual awareness of biological motion is not clear.In view of the fact that human walking is the most commonly used type of motion in the study of biological motion,this study aims to explore the relationship between attention and visual awareness related to biological motion represented by walking stimulus.Methods: Factor design was used to manipulate the awareness of biological motion(aware,unaware)and exogenous attention(attended,unattended).Subjects were asked to perform cognitive tasks on the presented walking stimuli.EEG technology was used to observe the corresponding nervous activities of attention and awareness related to biological motion.At the same time,the corresponding brain regions of these nervous activities were calculated to explore the independence between the two.A leftward or rightward walking motion presents as target stimulus in the center of the screen by the way of point-light display.Participants need to respond to the two forced screens after the target stimulus is presented.The first is to determine the direction of target stimulus,and the second is to determine whether there is walking motion.The threshold test is needed before the formal test,we use the“one-up-one-down” staircase procedure to test the number of the light points which subjects could detect 50% of presence of biological motion and apply it to the formal test.Results: Our results showed that the accuracy of biological motion discrimination was significantly improved by the presence of visual awareness or attention in behavioral level.At the neurological level,among we defined five time windows(ROI),early neurological differences related to visual awareness were found in 50-150 ms,100-200 ms and 174-226 ms after target,and late neurological differences related to awareness were found in 350-550 ms.Early source localization focused on the occipital parietal region,such as left postcentral gyrus,left middle occipital gyrus and right precentral gyrus.By 174-226 ms,the location of the significantly activated brain region tended to the parietal and frontal lobes.In the late activation period of awareness,the source localization was concentrated in the frontal-parietal region,such as right dorsal superior frontal gyrus and left medial superior frontal gyrus.Meanwhile,significant activation was also found in the temporal-occipital regions associated with the advanced visual cortex,such as left superior occipital gyrus,left inferior temporal gyrus and left temporal pole: middle temporal gyrus.Attention related differences occurred from 246 to 260 ms,and the source was located in the right superior occipital gyrus.Conclusions: Visual awareness based on biological motion is independent of exogenous attention.And from a neurological point of view,the processing mechanism of visual consciousness is different from exogenous attention. |
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