Study On The Comprehensive Analysis Method Of Traditional Mortar Materials

Mortar is one of the most important basic building materials in ancient Chinese architecture.Between the thousands of years of ancient Chinese architecture practice,people tried to use a variety of architectural mortars to make buildings more comfortable,beautiful,safe and secure,which included sticky-rice mortar,egg-white mortar,tung-oil mortar,blood mortar and brown sugar mortar.These buildings are the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancient workers,reflecting the technological level of architecture at that time,and plays an important role in Chinese and architectural history of the world.Therefore,it is of vital significance to detect traditional building mortar and analyze the composition proportion of traditional lime mortar.Only by studying traditional Chinese mortar can we probe into the scientific value of the antient mortar craftwork.Above all,studying traditional lime mortar provide the basic data for us to protect and reinforce endangered buildings,and it’s helpful for the improvement of contemporary cementitious material.At present,there are still a lot of problems with the domestic mortar testing.For example,there are many reports on individual tests,but few comprehensive tests.Therefore,it has brought many difficulties to the study and implementation of the protection of Chinese ancient buildings.The comprehensive detection and quantitative analysis of mortar materials have become an urgent research subject.Based on the review of domestic and foreign literatures and summarizing the previous work,this paper puts forward a comprehensive analytical method for mortar materials.The method combines eight detection techniques—The use of multi-function density tester to detect the density,porosity and water absorption rate of mortar materials.Using the sclerometer to test the surface hardness of mortar samples,employing the scanning electron microscope to observe the microstructure of the samples.Utilizing the X-ray diffractometer to obtain the mineral composition of the mortar.The determination of calcium content in the mortar by acid solution or thermogravimetric analysis.Determing The proportion and size distribution of mud and sand in the mortar by sieving and laser particle size analyzer.The types of fibers are determined by means of the Hardy’s thin cross-section slicer,microscope and infrared spectrometer.A set of chemical analysis method developed by the Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Conservation Materials at Zhejiang University was used to detect organic additives such as starch,protein and grease in the mortar.Proteins are identified by enzyme-linked immunoassay.This is the most comprehensive test method for traditional building mortar materials so far.With the detection techniques have been optimized and improved,the method can greatly reduce the consumption of mortar samples and save the time cost of testing.In the context of the mortar testing requirements of the "Protection Project of the Yangxin Hall" of the Imperial Palace in Beijing,the ancient Palace Department of the Palace Museum decide to cooperate with the Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Conservation Materials at Zhejiang University.14 kinds of tiles mortar from the Yanxi Hall,Tishun Hall and East surrounding room of the Yangxin Palace were sent to be analyze by means of the comprehensive analysis method.It is the first time that the technology of tile roof mortar from the Imperial Palace has been comprehensively tested.And it provides basic data for understanding the raw materials and traditional crafts of the tile roof mortar in Imperial Palace architecture.