The English Civil War And Military Revolution(1642-1658)

During the English civil war,the formation of the new model army and the establishment of the professional naval represent the trend of the modernization of the military system.Under the Tudor and early Stuart period,the army consists of militia and mercenaries.As the first standing army in the history of the British,new model arm is a regular,professional army.Its soldier received proper training and regular pay and was superbly disciplined,equipped and trained.And for the first time a British army would wear a true uniform.During the civil war,the navy also experienced a process of professional and modern.The navy became a national force,paid for by regular votes of Parliament and a standing and homogeneous fleet.The navy was under control of professional seamen.Therefore the role of colonial expansion was assumed by the Navy itself after 1655.The establishment of professional troops,brought about a huge increase in military spending,which means heavy financial burden for the government.Therefore Parliament had to adjust and reform the fiscal and taxation system.Customs,assessments and excise were the most important source of income for Parliament at that time.Parliament has established an effective tax system and improved the government’s fiscal revenue.