On Zhang Zai’s View Of Xing And Ming

Xing and Ming are the old concepts in the system of Chinese philosophy Theory.The Confucian school has a long-standing discussion of these issues.Just as Confucius said “a man at fifty knew the destiny”,“man’s nature is born in resemblance,while diversifies distinctly thereafter”,as well as Mencius’ s theory of good nature and the theory of destiny.On the basis of integrating the ideological resources of the past,Zhang Zai constructed a systematic theory of Xing and Ming.This paper is divided into three parts to discuss his point of view.The first part mainly discusses the view of the Xing.Among the scholars of the Song Dynasty,Zhang Zai was the first person to put forward the Theory of Human Nature with double structure,dividing the human nature into the nature of heaven and earth and the nature of temperament.Zhang Zai’s theory of nature is based on his own thoughts of the nature of law,that is,Tai Xu ji Qi.Nature presents different orientations from the body-use structure of virtual Qi.At the level above form,the nature of heaven and earth,as the implementation of the virtual ontology,is the hub of communication between heaven and man.In this way,nature is the main basis for man to achieve transcendence,and at the same time,it also shows the inherent consistency between heaven and man;At the level below form,the nature of temperament is something of "form and post-existence",which is mainly used to explain the source and basis of evil in real life.And the interpretation of the emergence of evilitself is also intended to direct the individual into good.The second part is the concept of destiny,which is the main part of this paper.This chapter makes an interpretation of "the unity of justice and destiny is rational." The combination of the external value criterion of what should be and the inherent basis of why should be is the reason.Reason is the reason of moral life,which is the philosophical basis of Zhang Zai’s theory of destiny.According to the dual structure of nature theory,Zhang Zai divided the fate of man into De fate and Qi fate.De fate is human-controlled,a man can get if he wants it.While,Qi fate is out of control.Zhang Zai focused on De fate,which comes from nature.He offered to command Qi fate by De fate.In the face of the limitations of fate,we have to accept submissively;In the field of moral value,Zhang Zai encourages people to take the initiative and practice hard.The third part presents the internal relationship between nature and destiny through Goingfu Theory.The practice of achieving moral life can be summarized as "the best of nature,then the source of destiny".The concept of exploring thoroughly the logos refers to a thorough study of physics and the moral principles.It requires the individual to realize all things in the world.The concept of exploring thoroughly the intrinsic character emphasizes the individual grasp of human nature.People are required to give full play to the active role of the heart and to realize the representation of the nature of heaven and earth in individual life.Zhang Zai emphasized the process of destiny through mutual interpretation between concepts “sincerity and intelligence” and “exploring thoroughlythe logos and the intrinsic character”.Man can achieve the unity between human and nature through self-cultivation practice.Zhang Zai’ Gongfu theory advocates different forms of effort should be set up for different stages of self-cultivation in life.Therefore,the theory has strong maneuverability and applicability.