A Study Of Dostoevsky's Morality

Dostoevsky was a great writer and thinker in Russia in the 19 th century.He created a series of literary works with unique psychological descriptions and superb artistic techniques.These popular literary works on the one hand exposed the contradictions and conflicts of Russian society at that time,and on the other hand expressed Dostoevsky's anxiety about the lack of moral beliefs in the Western world.This paper tries to sum up the moral thought in Dostoevsky's ethical thought from his literary works,based on the background of Russian society.The article is divided into three parts:The first part analyzes the time background and thought origin of Dostoevsky's morality.The background of Dostoevsky's morality can be summarized in two aspects: First,the turbulent social situation in Russia in the nineteenth century.In the nineteenth century,Russia was caught in a situation of economic backwardness,social stagnation,and political dictatorship.This is the external environment in which Dostoevsky's morality was formed.The second is Dostoevsky's unique life experience.The change of family life and the displaced life in the later period are the internal factors of Dostoevsky's morality formation.The formation of Dostoevsky's morality is mainly influenced by Enlightenment philosophy,Orthodox thought and critical realism.Among them,Enlightenment philosophy is the main theoretical source of Dostoevsky's morality.The second part expounds the main content of Dostoevsky's moral values.Dostoevsky's moral theory is based on the theory of human nature.He laid the foundation for morality through an in-depth analysis of the inherent evil in human nature and the dual nature of good and evil in human beings.The pursuit of moral perfection is the core content of Dostoevsky's morality.First of all,on the basis of recognizing the existence of God,he demonstrated that God is not an objective existence,but for realizing moral ideals.Secondly,Dostoevsky used suffering as the cradle of morality.Dostoevsky's life was very rough.All kinds of suffering almost never left him.It was this kind of suffering that tempered his will and made him think deeply about the meaning of morality.Finally,it argues that only the lover can go to the perfection of morality.Through the purification of human nature through suffering,the good thoughts of human beings defeat evil,realize the awakening of conscience and human nature,learn to love,and finally achieve moral perfection.The third part makes a theoretical assessment of Dostoevsky's moral values.Dostoevsky affirmed the importance of religious beliefs to moral perfection in the process of elaborating his moral values.He believed that human freedom and social equality and justice are the guarantees for realizing an ideal society.His deep thinking and analysis of moral phenomena can still provide some enlightenment for the moral construction of modern society.Of course,Dostoevsky's morality also has its limitations,mainly because he raised suffering to an excessively high status and exaggerated the role of difficulties in the process of moral improvement.It also ignores the importance of individual rational choices to moral perfection and regards God as an absolute moral authority.