The Effect Of Executive Function And Delay Gratification Abilities On Sharing Behavior In 3-to 5-years Old Children

The sharing behavior began to appear from the age of 2-3 years,and gradually increased with age.Existing research shows that sharing behavior can promote the development of social skills such as peer relationships and verbal ability of young children,and has important positive significance for the individual's own social and cognitive ability.The sharing behavior of young children is influenced by many factors.The research has explored the influence of children's executive function on sharing behavior,and mostly focused on the influence of inhibition control on sharing behavior,but these research results are different.In addition,the children's sharing behavior needs to suppress the impulse of his own exclusive resources.The purpose is to obtain long-term reciprocal behavior between the two sides,which is similar to the ability to delay gratification.However,there is no research to explore the relationship between the two abilities.Therefore,based on the existing research,this study will examine the effects of executive function and delay gratification on sharing behavior in 3-5 years old children,and the relationship characteristics of these three abilities.A total of 180 children aged among 3 to 5 years old participated in this study.The sharing behavior of the children was tested by sharing the sticker task.The classic delay gratification task paradigm was used to test the children's delayed waiting performance.And the hammer task,the card sorting task and the animal memory task respectively measure the three components of the children's executive function's inhibition control,cognitive flexibility and working memory.Through the methods of analysis of variance,correlation test and regression,the relationship between executive function,delayed satisfaction and sharing behavior and age characteristics of 3-5 years old children were discussed in depth.The main results of this study are as follows:(1)The sharing behavior of 3-5 years old children has significant age and differences between the sharing objects: most 3-5 year old children will choose to share the stickers,but there are significant age differences in the number of sharing stickers,and the number of children sharing will follow The age of children is gradually increasing;in addition,there are significant differences between subjects in the number of stickers shared by 3-5 years old children,that is,the number of stickers assigned to good friends by young children is significantly greater than the number of strangers.(2)The results of regression analysis show that the execution function of 3-5 years old children has a significant positive predictive effect on sharing behavior when sharing with strangers or good friends,that is,the higher the score of children's executive function,the number of shared stickers will more.(3)The results of regression analysis show that the delay ability of 3-5 years old children can significantly predict the sharing behavior of young children regardless of whether they are shared by strangers or good friends.The longer the child's waiting time,the number of shared stickers will more.(4)Delayed gratification plays a mediating role in early childhood executive function and sharing behavior.Specifically,when a 3-5 year old child faces a stranger,the delayed satisfaction plays a full intermediary role in the executive function and the sharing behavior;and when the 3-5 year old child faces a good friend,the individual's delayed gratification ability Partial intermediary role in executive function and sharing behavior.In summary,the study concluded that the sharing behavior of 3-5 years old children increased with age,and the executive function and delayed gratification had an important impact on the sharing behavior of preschool children.