| The medium and small-scale Rock-catacombs were an important part of the Han tombs.Through a systematic study of the medium and small-sized Rock-catacombs,it is helpful to understand the historical process and the driving factors of its emergence,development and decline.This paper takes the medium and small-sized Rock-catacombs of Han Dynasty as the study object.After combing out the tomb materials discovered in the country and establishing a space-time framework,this paper discusses the specific architectural structures and funeral customs of medium and small-sized Rock-catacombs in the Han Dynasty.This article could divided into four parts:Part 1 is Introduction.Define the space-time scope and basic concepts of this article.The tombs mentioned in the text refer to the tombs buried under the territory of the Han Dynasty from 206 BC to 220 AD.The tombs of medium and small-sized caves are different from the large-sized Rock-catacombs used by the vassal kings.Both of them excavated in the rock.At the same time,the Introduction summarize the research status of this topic and outline the purpose and significance of this study.Part 2 is the discoveries,types,times and regions of the medium and small-sized Rock-catacombs in the Han Dynasty.This part briefly describes the main findings of the medium and small-sized Rock-catacombs in the Han Dynasty and conducts typological analysis of the tombs.According to the different shape and quantity of the caverns,it can classified into three types: rectangular single cavern,ruled or irregular single cavern,and more than two caverns.Combined with the identification of the tomb era given by the excavation briefing paper,the tombs of medium and small-sized caves in the Han Dynasty can divided into five phases.They are the early period of the Western Han,the middle period of the Western Han,the late period of the Western Han,the early period of the Eastern Han and the middle period of the Eastern Han.According to the location of small-sized Rock-catacombs and the characteristics of burial customs,regions of the tombs could be divided into three main regions: The characteristics of the Rock-catacombs and the tombs were comprehensively considered.The tombs can be divided into three regions:(1)north of Jiangsu,middle of Shandong and northwest of Anhui,(2)northwest of Hubei,(3)East of Ningxia,middle and south of Mongolia.In addition,from the perspective of both age and quantity,this part conducts a comparative study of different types of the Han tombs in various regions.Part 3 analyzes the structure of the medium and small-sized Rock-catacombs in the Han Dynasty.It mainly discusses the specific building structure of this type of tomb.In order to discuss the function of this structure,it analyzes the characteristics of facilities outside the tomb,the tomb gallery,covered corridor,fills,area of tomb,sealable door and roof.By comparison with Rock-burial shafts,Soil-catacombs and large-sized Rock-catacombs,we can explore the causes of the medium and small-sized Rock-catacombs in the Han Dynasty.Part 4 discusses Funeral Relics of the medium and small-sized Rock-catacombs in the Han Dynasty.It mainly analyzes tomb furniture,the placement of the funerary objects,the types of funerary objects and the combination of funerary objects.According to the number of the coffins and outer coffins,the tomb furniture could classified into nine types of situations.By comparison with the area of tomb and situation of successive burial,we could explore the relationship among the three.The location of the space for burial objects can divided into several situations.According to different textures,the funerary objects can divided into Pottery,Glazed Pottery,Original Porcelain,Brassware,Ironware,Lead-tin wave,Gold ware,Silver,Jade ware,Lacquerware,Bone ware and animal.Finally,it discusses the combinatorial characteristics of funerary objects in different regions. |
PDF Full Text Request