Rethinking Of Marxism’s "Theory Of Human Nature"

As an ancient and eternal topic,issues about the theory of human nature have inspired thinkers at all times and in all lands to put forward various viewpoints and theories from different perspectives and starting points.The Marxism’s theory of human nature refers to Marx’s thinking on human nature,which is in accordance with Marxism essence.In the past,the understanding of the Marxism’s theory of human nature in China’s academic circles was mainly based on the interpretation of “dialectical materialism and historical materialism” of Marxism philosophy in the textbooks of the former Soviet Union,which led to various interpretative results of the sinicization of Marx’s view on human nature.Therefore,such illustrations may cause the misunderstandings of Marxism’s theory of human nature,because they are deviated from the essence of Marxism.Based on the idea that Marx’s new philosophy is the transformation of the methodology of his old one,this thesis attempts to illustrate the nature of human in accordance with Marxism’s spiritual essence.The thesis includes the following chapters.Chapter one is the introduction of this thesis,which mainly illustrates the reasons for selecting the topic,researches at home and abroad as well as the ideas,methods,and difficulties of this thesis.Chapter two is about the problems and solutions for the understanding of Marxism’s theory of human nature.This chapter analyzes the understanding of the Marxism’s theory of human nature in the academic community.It is believed that the viewpoint of the “theory of human nature” in traditional textbooks,and the further developed ideas that “labor or practice is the human nature”,“the human nature,in its reality,is the sum of all social relations” and “human needs are the nature of human beings”,fundamentally upheld the abstract thinking mode of the old philosophy,which was confined to the abstract understanding of practice.These ideas lead to the confusion between Marx’s theory of human nature and Marxism’s theory of human nature and the partial understanding and misunderstanding of Marxism’s theory of human nature,which highlights the necessity of understanding Marx’s theory of human nature from the perspective of practice.Chapter three tries to understand Marxism’s theory of human nature from practice.This chapter is the key and difficult part in the thesis.It discusses how to understand Marxism’s theory of human nature from practice,which is the interpretation of the human nature theory of Marx,who is a Marxist.This theory is in accordance with the spiritual essence of Marxism.On the one hand,this chapter attempts to interpret that the establishment of Marxism’s theory of human nature experienced the evolution of“theory of human nature” in Marx’s Speculativism and Marx’s Anthropologismus,while in the process of determining “theory of human nature” in Marx’s new materialism,Marx,as a Marxist,had change from “what is human nature” to “how to shape the human nature”,thus distinguishing it from Hegel,Feuerbach and others methodologically.On the other hand,this chapter tries to understand Marxism’s “human nature” and “human attributes” from the perspective of practice respectively.It seeks to clearly and completely explain Marxism’s “theory of human nature” from the perspective of practice and summarizes the basic characteristics of Marxism’s theory of human nature.Chapter four tries to understand the significance of Marxism’s “theory of human nature”from the perspective of practice.Marx’s new materialism is adhering to the thought that understanding the relevant philosophical issues(including issues relating to human nature)from practice is the theoretical essence of Marxism.This chapter will illustrate the scientificity of understanding Marx’s theory of human nature from the perspective of practice,which has far-reaching significance in clarifying the “theory of human nature” in old philosophy and the academic circle about Marxism’s theory of human nature.It also means greatly to fulfill the “people-oriented” concept of Scientific Development and to adhere to the “people-centered” development idea of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era.