The Mongolian Banner's Social Crisis In Late Qing Dynasty

League-banner system is the basic system of Mongolian society in Qing Dynasty.As the Eight Banners,it divides certain territory to the Mongolian aristocracy and their subject people.As a result,Mongolian banners are military and administrative units.With the domestic and foreign crisis in late Qing dynasty,profound changes had taken place in Mongolian banners' society.Most banners fell into turmoil and social crisis.We can define Mongolian banner's social crisis as a historical process of social change on account of insurmountably destructive factors appear in the Mongolian banner's nomadic society,and make the society stability hard to maintain.In the modern history of the South Banner of Right Qorcin,the performance of social crisis is very typical.Through the discussion of significant details,this thesis seeks to explain the interaction between various social strata and forces in the South Banner of Right Qorcin of the social crisis in the late Qing Dynasty,and also tries to find a better clarification of the process of the social crisis in this banner.At the same time,it intends to reveal the fact that this banner was ignored and sacrificed in the early modernization of modern China.This thesis is organized based on above topics.Except preface,four chapters can be divided into.The first chapter focuses on the traditional nomadic social environment in the South Banner of Right Qorcin.It mainly include the relationship between the emergence of the huge debt and the dispute lawsuit in the banner in the beginning of the early social crisis in this banner.The second chapter narratives the private reclamation's promotion of the social crisis in the South Banner of Right Qorcin.It is mainly about the appearance of serious opposition in the banner nobles and the turmoil in this banner.The third chapter discusses the new power structure of the South Banner of Right Qorcin in the times of official reclamation and the consequence of this structure.The fourth chapter discusses the "Russian debt" incident and the profound changing it takes to the South Banner of Right Qorcin.In the process of the "Russian debt" incident,the excessive suppression from central power and the neglect of the livelihood of the people in the banner were all important factors that caused the Utai' "independence" incident in the early years of the Republic of China.The conclusion part summarizes the full thesis,especially the analysis of various measures the official takes to the South Banner of Right Qorcin.In the implementation of the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty,the Qing government was excessively pursuing the exploration of financial resources and strengthening the control over the frontiers.They simply considered the traditional Mongolian banner society as an object of foolishness and backwardness,making Mongolian banner a sacrifice in this modernization reform.The contents of the thesis that cannot be in-depth are also clarified so as to further deepen it in the future.