A Epistemological Study Of Kant's Time Concept

Immanuel Kant is an important figure in the history of western philosophy,in the masterpiece Kritik der reinen Vernunft,he introduced time into the category of epistemology,endowed time with epistemological significance,and opened up a new field of time.He believes that time(and space)is an intuitive form of intuition,this form,combined with intuitive content,constitutes a perceptual cognition of people,and perceptual cognition is also grasped by the concept of knowledge(category)and constitutes a rational(knowledge)cognition.Time plays a very important role in the formation of knowledge.This thesis discusses and studied Kant's time concept with two clues:the first is the nature of time,while how Kant defines and explains the connotation of time itself;the other is the role of time in the formation process of Kant's epistemology.Regarding the essence of time,it focuses on analyzing the three parts of contents about time from Kant's Kritik der reinen Vernunft,they are the time in the theory of transcendental perception,the time in the principle analysis,and the time in the 'dual law'.In the part of the theory of transcendental perception,firstly it analyzed Kant's metaphysical clarification about time,studied three basic characteristics of time:congenital,intuitive,and non-restrictive;thus it analyzed the transcendental clarification of time and discussed how Kant put time as the basis for the establishment of mathematics and the natural sciences.In the part of principle analysis,the approaches(graphics method)and basic principles(empirical analogy principle)of the category applied to the empirical objects are mainly discussed,and the role of time in the graph type method and empirical analogy is analyzed.In the part of the 'dual law' time,the generation and solution of the contradictions of time and infinity were discussed,and the significance of time for preventing rational illusions or fallacies was elaborated.The role of time in the formation of Kant's epistemology has specifically analyzed,the source,object,nature,and standard of understanding,as well as the relationship between time and cognition.Kant believes that there are both innate and acquired components in the sources of cognition.Innate components include the intuitive forms of time(space)and the basic categories of quality,quantity,and relationship;the acquired components are the objects of cognition(phenomenons).It takes time as the boundary,and any phenomenon within the scope of time or experience can be used as the object of cognition.Anything beyond this range,such as the universe,God,soul,etc.,belongs to the realm of self-conscious,can only be used as a belief instead of an object for recognition.The basic unit of cognition is innate comprehensive judgment.The fundamental reason why metaphysics in mathematics,natural science,and science possible is that they are innate comprehensive judgments or include innate comprehensive judgments as their own principles,and the basis for the establishment of innate comprehensive judgment is based on the 'congeniality' and 'intuition' of time.The standard of recognition is that the object conforms to knowledge rather than the opposite.Specifically,perceptual and intuitive miscellaneous materials must be organized through time(space)and category before they become knowledge.Without the time,the experience object can not be only uncontrollable,but also unrecognizable.After analyzing these two clues,G.W.F.Hegel,Henri Bergson,E.G.A.Husserl and Martin Heidegger were discussed on their criticism and development of Kant's time concept,and their respective views on the nature of time were analyzed,such as Bergson's theory of'Stretching Time',Husserl's theory of'Internal Time Consciousness',Heidegger's theory of'True Time'.They all opposed the spatialization and staticization of time,thought that time is not merely a form and frame of cognition,basically,it is the ability to understand the subject,and the source of understand the initiative of the subject.Even Heidegger put time in the meaning of subsistence theory and realized the shift of time study from epistemology to subsistence theory.Finally,on the basis of summarizing the predecessors' critical views,taking the modern scientific time perspective as a reference,this article analyzes the limitations of Kant's time concept through its nature and epistemology,discusses the revelation of Kant's concept of time to the method and ability of cognition,and free will,etc.,proposes the unity of the ontology and epistemology of time with human existence as the conclusion.