A Study On The Way Of Fur In Eurasia In The 16-18 Century

The Eurasian inland fur road refers to the Eurasian inland transportation road which mainly passes through the grasslands in ancient Chinese trade.Because Greek merchants from the northern shore of the Black Sea often exchange precious metals and animal fur for items such as Greek olive oil,wine and precious stones,and the Skeetai,who are nomadic on the Eurasian grasslands.In Japan,Dr.Whitebird Kuji named the main road for fur,a trade route that appeared late in the 6th and 7th centuries BC.By the 10 th century AD,a commercial route from the Kwarimu region to the northern shore of the Caspian Sea had been formed.The commercial route that spans the Eurasian steppe is a channel of communication between the East and the West.Because of the action of many factors,the specific route of fur road is not completely consistent in different periods.But generally speaking,the fur road route before the Ming Dynasty did not change significantly.Since the Ming Dynasty,the direction and route of Fuzhi Road have changed significantly:the west section of the road moves northward,and the eastern segment moves to the northeast.Therefore,by exploring the trend and route changes of fur in the 16-18 century and the relationship between this change and the development of fur trade in Eurasia,this study reveals the influence of fur road on the countries along the route(political,economic and cultural).Through the whole study,the author hopes to re-examine the new route.In order to achieve this goal,this article will study the fur road before the Ming Dynasty,the route changes of the fur road in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the development of fur trade and the historical influence of the fur road to the countries along the road.Therefore,this article is divided into four parts.The first part of this paper mainly introduces the formation and development of the fur road in Eurasia before the Ming Dynasty.In the Shang Dynasty,the Shang king's repeated military operations strengthened the ties between the Central Plains settlers and the pastoral nomads.During the Spring and Autumn and warring States period,the conquest of the northern grasslands by the Central Plains and the reform movement of the various princes(hufu rider)further promoted the exchange between the farming and nomadic peoples.Especially,the activities of the residents migrating to the north due to the war greatly promoted the development of the grassland area and the development of the regional economic exchange.In addition,the reform of various vassals has expanded the traffic between the Central Plains and the Mongolian grasslands and furs.The path gradually formed.After the Qin and Han dynasties,the fur road continued to expand based on various factors(mainly the power contrast between the Central Plains Dynasty and the grassland regime.The second part of this paper mainly discusses the change of the route of fur in Eurasia in the 16-18 th century.In the 16-18 th century,the course of the fur road in Eurasia changed significantly.With the development of trade between Mongolia and Central Plains in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,several commercial roads with Zhangjiakou-Guihua City as the main road were gradually formed in Mongolia.In the early Qing Dynasty,in the process of calming the rebellion in Northwest Junggar,the Qing government set up a number of military stations in Mongolia,which formed several military-platform roads connecting the Central Plains and Mongolia.With the stabilization of the situation in Mongolia,Juntai Road has gradually become a tourist to Mongolia and the border area between China and Russia.A major trade route.These roads form the eastern section of the 16-18 th century Eurasian Inland Fur Road.Compared with the past,the eastern section of the line to the northeast direction shift.In the western section,with the rise and expansion of Czarist Russia,the Siberian New Commercial Road began to form.The western section of Fur Road continues to move north.The third part of this paper mainly analyzes the relationship between the route change of fur in 16-18 century and the development of fur trade in Eurasia.After the 16th century,the fur trade in Eurasia is still flourishing.After the Russian conquest of Siberia,the rich fur resources in the region provided a stable supply for Russian traders to carry out fur trade.At the same time,under the Russian operation,Siberia has gained further development.In the 16-17 th century,caravans from Central Asia and Mongolia visited cities in Siberia to transport fur and other goods east.With the change of fur route,fur trade between China and Russia Easy to replace Russia-Central Asia fur trade,occupying the dominant position in the Eurasian inland fur trade.With the change of the direction and route of fur road,the main function of fur road has changed-it is not only a path of military expansion of Russia,but also a road of economic,political and cultural exchange.The fourth part of this paper mainly discusses the influence of the 16-18 th century Eurasian inland fur road on the political,economic and cultural development of the countries along the route.The author believes that the fur road not only maintains the political stability among the countries along the route,but also promotes the economic prosperity and cultural development of the countries along the route.The main road of fur gradually moves northward and crosses western Europe and Siberia,connecting the tsarist Russia,Central Asia and China closely.Since then,the Central Asian merchants no longer monopolize the eastern trade,Russian businessmen and Chinese businessmen to achieve direct trade.The Russian government,which has been working to develop trade between Russia and China,has made huge revenues.Russian Siberian region The region's economy has grown considerably and provided huge amounts of capital for its primitive accumulation.It is not only Russia that has benefited greatly from the fur road,but also China.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,China's industry and commerce ushered in a new opportunity,and Chinese businessmen also made huge profits.