A Study On The Foreign Concepts Of The Sheng Xuanhuai In The Late Qing Dynasty

Shengxuanhuai in the great change of the late Qing Dynasty,multiple social roles and long experience in westernization and diplomacy have made him a unique foreign concept.Academic research on Sheng has been fruitful,and the contents of the Sheng have been included in various aspects.But the research on its external concept is still weak,This paper intends to discuss the foreign ideas of Sheng in the late Qing Dynasty,starting from memorials,electronic manuscript,Letter and Diary.The formation of Xuanhuai external concept is mainly influenced by the extermal environment and its own two factors,The change of the situation in late Qing Dynasty provided a great environment for the formation of its idea,The traditional thought of statecraft and the spread of Western learning have injected new factors into its external concept,And Xuanhuai in the long-term westernization career for the formation of his foreign ideas to provide a steady stream of power.Xuanhuai is deeply influenced by traditional culture and does not recognize Western political civilization,However,Political conservatism did not stop him from advocating western business and the West's new education.He recognized that the strength of Western countries is closely related to the development of Western industry and commerce,In particular,the strong military strength and industrial and commercial development closely related.Besides,Xuanhuai that Western education is the rich and powerful of the West.These,All show that Xuanhuai has a preliminary understanding of Western civilization.With the signing of a series of unequal treaties and the input of public intermational law,At that time,the concept of people in the late Qing government began to change,Xuanhuai is no exception.He recognized the basic meaning of the Treaty,A preliminary distinction has been made between treaties and quasi-treaties,Even realizing that treaties can be modified.Besides,he also recognized the harm of the privilege of unequal treaties obtained by the Great Powers on the basis of traditional international law,At the same time,it is clear that Western international law can not really protect the interests of small and weak countries,the international law has raised questions.On the basis of understanding,Xuanhuai has formed a diplomatic policy of defending national sovereignty with "and" as the main line,He urged the draw and complied with the Treaty.And put forward the concrete proposition of safeguarding national sovereignty,And with foreigners "Chi Heng",the maintenance of national modernized,He proposed to fix the Covenant with countries,In addition,he also proposed the idea of retaining the overseas Chinese.Against the constant invasion of the Western powers,Xuanhuai tried to use the "restrict them"diplomatic strategy to resist the great power,However,he is the traditional strategy of integration of the idea of balance,giving "restrict them" strategy with a new connotation,which at that time,is not a kind of progress.Xuanhuai in the era of rapid changes in China's society,the Chinese and Western civilization violent collision,the new and old factors interwoven,this is not without inf.luence on Xuanhuai foreign ideas,In addition to the unique personal experience,so that its external concepts have different from people's characteristics.He attaches great importance to economic sovereignty and has an open mind,but he adheres to the traditional feudal system.He has the "new" side and the "old" side of his foreign ideas.He has a more sober understanding of the outside world,active integration into modern society,and the actual action to safeguard the state's rights and interests.However,in the thought,he did not fundamentally break through the shackles of traditional ideas,by many obstacles,This is not only the misfortune of the Xuanhuai,or perhaps the common helplessness of people at that time.