The Study Of Affixes In Novels Of Ming Dynasty Which Are Written In Southern Mandarin Chinese

Feijianji,Zhouzaoji,Tieshuji,are novels about Taoist figures,they are written by Deng Zhimo,who is come from Jiangxi province.Xingshiyan is written by Lu Renlong,who is came from Qiantang,Zhejiang.These four novels are.written in the Ming Dynasty,with a distance of only thirty years,and the language is easy to understand.This study regards them as the Southern Mandarin of the Ming Dynasty.The determination of affixes must be in specific words,and should be closely combined with the characteristics of the additional word formation.Compared with the compound word formation,Chinese affixes have no obvious lexical meaning,or they have any lexical meaning,but we can not generalize it at present.Chinese affix can only add some meaning to the root of the word,which makes the meaning of the root perfect and changed,but can not limit,explain,indicate,modify and so on.Therefore,the majority of the meaning of the derived word is determined by the root of the word.The perfection and change of the meaning of the root can be expressed in the meaning of the new formed derived words,which is more complete and independent,and the things,movements and states that are referred to are more specific and vivid.Of course,the inflectional affixes only change the grammatical meaning of the root of the word,and the lexical meaning of the root is not changed.This study also considers that clitics are derived from affixes.What we mean "clitic" is that it is a affix which is added to a phrase in Chinese.So we regard affixes as the subconception of affixes.By summarizing the characteristics of these affixes and combining the existing results about affixes,we finally determined the affixes in these four novels as follow:lao(?),a(?),ke(?),di(?),chu(?),da(?),er(?),zi(?),tou(?),jia(?),jie(?),ge(?),ran(?),er(?),qi(?),sheng(?),dang(?),lai(?),de(?),di(?),li(?),dili(??),men(?).